泰安市2005-2012年麻疹流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of measles and preventive measures in Taian area from 2005 to 2012

作　　者：谢学迎 刘登红 刘爱国[1] 

机构地区：[1]泰安市疾病预防控制中心,山东泰安271000 [2]新泰市新汶街道社区卫生服务中心,山东泰安271200

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第5期777-780,784,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2005-2012年该市麻疹流行病学特征,为探讨麻疹控制措施提供理论依据。方法对该市2005-2012年麻疹发病情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果该市2005-2012年共报告麻疹病例673例,无死亡病例,年平均发病率为15.17/100万,其中以2009年发病率最高为61.89/100万,以2012年发病率最低为0.36/100万;发病率前3位的县为新泰市、泰山区和东平县,占全市病例数的72.07%;季节性高峰明显,2-5月为高发季节,占总病例数的81.72%;<1岁儿童及19～40岁人群是近阶段麻疹发病主要人群,分别占总病例数的30%、46.36%;<8月龄儿童发病数占16.64%;有明确免疫史病例占总病例数的10.70%。结论落实麻疹疫苗常规免疫、对重点人群开展补充免疫和查漏补种等免疫策略是实现消除麻疹的根本措施;医疗机构医源性感染是造成麻疹播散的最主要隐患。Objective To find epidemiological characteristics of measles in Taian area from 2005-2012 and to provide theoretic basis for measures of measles control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was made for data of measles in Taian area from 2005~2012. Results 673 measles cases were found in Taian area with no death case and the average annual incidence was 15.17/million with the highest 61.89/million in 2009 and the lowest 0.36/million in 2012; Xintai city, Taishan district and Dongping county ranked the top three incidences among 6 county-level areas in Taian area, and accounted for 72.07% of measles cases in the area; there was an obvious seasonal peak of measles incidence during February and May which accounted for 81.72% of the total cases; children under 12 months and adults from 19 to 40 years old were main population among which measles occurred in recent years, which accounted for 30% and 46.36% of the total cases respectively; cases under 8 months accounted for 16.64%; cases with definite history of immunization of measles vaccines accounted for 10.70%. Conclusion The fundamental measures are practices of measles vaccine routine immunization and complimentary immunization to important population. Nosocomial infection in medical institutes is the major dangerous factor causing measles to spread.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学 防控措施 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]