减施氮肥和控制灌溉对稻田土壤线虫群落的影响  

Reduction of nitrogen amendment and irrigation influences paddy soil nematode community

作　　者：孙震[1,2] 刘满强[1,2] 桂娟[1,2] 李辉信[1,2] 胡锋[1,2] 焦加国[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第3期659-665,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903011);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(KYZ201207)资助

摘　　要：采用2×4双因子完全交互试验设计，研究了常规和控制灌溉条件下氮肥减量施用（常规施氮300kgN·hm^-2、减氮10％、减氮20％和减氮40％）对稻田土壤线虫数量、种类及群落结构的影响。结果表明，8个处理中共观测到16科28属的土壤线虫，分别为食细菌线虫7科12属，食真菌线虫3科4属，植食性线虫3科5属，杂食／捕食性线虫3科7属。其中丝尾垫刃属（Filenchus）为所有处理的优势属，占所有线虫总数的35．4％～47．9％。所有处理中均以食真菌线虫所占比例最高，食细菌线虫次之，然后是植食类线虫，杂食／捕食性线虫数量最少。常规灌溉条件下土壤线虫总数略大于控制灌溉下的线虫总数，但无显著差异；当施氮量减少20％（即降低到240kgN·hm^-2）时，土壤线虫总量有明显的提高，而随着施氮量的进一步降低，线虫总数并没有进一步的变化。A fully 2×4 factorial experiment was conducted with four levels of nitrogen fertilization amendments, i.e. decreasing the nitrogen amendments from a routine amount 300 kg N ·hm^-2 to 10%, 20% and 40% of the routine amount, respectively, with conventionally continuously floo- ded irrigation or controlled non-continuously flooded irrigation. Across all the eight treatments, there were 16 families and 28 genera of soil nematodes, belonging to 7 families and 12 genera of bacterivores, 3 families and 4 genera of fungivores, 3 families and 5 genera of plant-parasites, and 3 families and 7 genera of omnivore-predators, respectively. Among all the nematodes, the genus Filenchus was dominant with a relative abundance of 35.4% -47.9%. Regarding the nem- atode trophic groups, the fungivores accounted for the highest proportion of soil nematodes, fol- lowed by bacterivores as the second, and then the plant-parasites, and the omnivore/predators at the minimum. The total nematodes under the conventionally flooded irrigation were slightly higher than under the controlled non-continuously flooded irrigation. When reducing the nitrogen amend- ment to 80% of the routine application rate （ i. e. 240 kg N ·hm^-2）, the total number of nema- todes increased significantly, but no further changes were found when even less nitrogen was amended.

关 键 词：土壤线虫 水分 氮肥 稻田 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]