一株地衣芽孢杆菌产生的生物表面活性剂  

A BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCED BY BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS NK X_3

作　　者：张翠竹[1] 张心平[1] 梁凤来[1] 贾莹 刘如林[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学微生物学系,天津300071

出　　处：《南开大学学报（自然科学版）》2000年第4期41-45,52,共6页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis

基　　金：天津市"九五"重大科技攻关项目! ( 9731 0 1 81 1 )

摘　　要：从大港炼油厂污水中分离到一株地衣芽孢杆菌 ( Bacilluslichenif ormis) .其发酵上清液具有高表面活性 ,可将水的表面张力由 76.6m N/m降至 35.5m N/m.发酵上清液经酸化沉淀并纯化后得到浅黄色固体物 ,其临界胶束浓度 ( CMC值 )为 30 .0 mg/L.该产物经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示两条带 ;IR分析表明该物质含有肽键、内脂键及脂肪族侧链等官能团 ;GC-MS和 PC分析表明 ,其疏水基半分子为 β-甲基十四碳脂肪酸及 β-羟基十八碳脂肪酸 ;亲水基半分子含 Asp、Glu、Ile、Val、Lys等氨基酸 .该产物是一种由脂肪酸和肽组成的脂肽类生物表面活性剂 ,它可以耐受高温和高浓度盐 (尤其钙离子 ) ,p H适应范围较广 ,对原油具有较强的乳化、增溶。A spore formed bacterium NK X 3 was isolated from waste water of the petroleum refinery, which was identified as Bacillus licheniformis. The fermentation supernatant of the strain has high surface activity. The biosurfactant can be acquired by acid precipitation. CMC of the product is about 30.0mg/L. PAGE of the product shows two bands. IR analysis shows that the product contains peptide bond, lactone bond, and aliphatic chain GC MS analysis indicates that hydrophobic moiety contains β methyl C 14 fatty acid and β hydroxyl C 18 fatty acid. PC analysis shows that hydrophilic moiety contains Asp, Glu, Ile, Val and Lys etc. These indicate that this biosurfactant is a lipopeptide. It can resist high temperature, high concentration of NaCl, high concentration of Ca 2+ and has wide range of pH. At the same time, it has been proved that the biosurfactant also has the ability to increase solubility of petroleum and help the petroleum break off from rock as well as to decrease viscosity of the petroleum.$$$$

关 键 词：地衣芽孢杆菌 生物表面活性剂 脂肽 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程] Q936[生物学—微生物学]