苏北浅滩南部海域鱼类资源密度季节变化特征  

On the seasonal quantitative changes of the fish resources in the south area of northern Jiangsu shoal

作　　者：徐捷[1,2] 王晨[3] 徐兆礼[1] 陈佳杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [3]国家海洋局海洋咨询中心,北京100860

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2014年第1期108-116,共9页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2010CB428705);农业部渔业种质资源保护和近海资源调查财政专项(2130135)

摘　　要：根据2010年春季(5月)和秋季(9月)在苏北浅滩南部如东水域获得的鱼类资源调查资料,分析苏北浅滩如东海域鱼类密度的时空分布,研究鱼类优势种对总资源密度的贡献和水域环境对鱼类分布、产卵及索饵习性的影响,探讨这些特征反映这一水域的渔场属性。结果显示:5月和9月鱼类尾数密度分别为1.33×103ind/km2和2.02×103ind/km2、重量密度分别为76.35 kg/km2和35.12 kg/km2;两个季节鱼类资源密度平面分布特征呈现相同的规律,都是东部外海水域高于西部沿岸一侧水域;鱼类种类数秋季高于春季;种类数与多样性的分布格局与资源密度相似,也是东部外海水域高于西部沿岸一侧水域。逐步回归分析显示,水深对资源密度相关关系较显著,水深较高的海域往往是资源密度集中分布的区域。5月,小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)对尾数和重量贡献率均较大,为最重要的优势种,而鱼(Miichthys miiuy)对鱼类尾数贡献率最大,也为该季重要的优势种;9月,棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)对尾数贡献率最大,对重量贡献率也较大,为9月最重要的优势种。相比我国其他海域,优势种几乎都为我国近海主要经济鱼类。因而可以认为,苏北浅滩以及外侧吕泗渔场海域是经济鱼类的产卵场和索饵场,苏北浅滩对于吕泗渔场的形成具有重要的意义。To understand the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of the fish communities in the south of northern Jiangsu shoal, seasonal bottom trawl surveys were conducted in May （spring） and September （autumn） of 2010 in the area. The dominant fish species, the impacts of the environment on the distribution of the fish communities, spawning and feeding habitat of dominant fish were also discussed. The result indicated that numerically the average density was 1.33103 ind/km2 in spring and 2.02103 ind/km2 in autumn, respectively. The average weight density was 76.35 kg/km2 in spring and 35.12 kg/km2 in autumn, respectively. The spatial distribution pattern was the same in spring and autumn, i.e. the density was higher in the near shore than that in the neritic waters. Generally, the species number was higher in autumn than that in spring. The distribution patterns of fish species and fish diversities are also similar to the density, and the value was higher in the near shore than in the neritic. Stepwise regression showed that the weight density or individual density was significantly related to the water depth, the fishes were abundant in near shore than in the neritic waters. In spring, numerically Larimichthy spolyactis was predominant species, whereas Miichthy smiiuy was most important dominant species by weight. In autumn, Collichthys lucidus was the predominant species both in number and in weight. Compared to the other coastal waters, the south of northern Jiangsu shoal was mainly composed of economically important fishes. Our study indicated that the northern Jiangsu shoal and its outer waters were important spawning and nursery ground for many economically important fishes. The northern Jiangsu shoal plays a role in completing the life histories for many economically important fishes of the Lvsi fishing ground.

关 键 词：苏北浅滩 如东 鱼类 季节变化 资源密度 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]