北京市住宅空调开机行为和能耗的实测研究  

Testing study on operating behavior and energy consumption of air conditioners in residential buildings in Beijing

作　　者：李兆坚 谢德强 江红斌 卫兴 

机构地区：[1]航天低温推进剂技术国家重点实验室 [2]总装备部工程设计研究总院

出　　处：《暖通空调》2014年第2期15-20,共6页Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:51078376)

摘　　要：为了解北京市住宅空调开机行为和能耗的真实状况和特点,2011年夏季通过在每台空调器上单独设置电表采用实测调查法对北京市某住宅小区中69台分体空调器的开机率和能耗状况进行了实测调查分析。结果表明:住户空调能耗的最小值为6kW·h,最大值为596kW·h,平均值为161kW·h,最大值比最小值大了98倍。单台空调器的平均能耗为63kW·h,空调季空调器平均每天的当量满负荷运行时间约为0.61h。单位建筑面积平均空调能耗指标仅为2.0kW·h/m2。空调器最大用户开机率为31.9%,最大日平均用户开机率为13.3%,空调季空调器平均用户开机率仅为6.0%。绝大部分住户自觉采取了空调行为节能措施,空调器为短期间歇运行,因此住宅分体空调方式的平均能耗水平很低,但不同住户的空调能耗差异很大,住户空调行为对空调能耗的影响很大。In order to understand the behavior and energy consumption characteristics of air conditioners in residential buildings, investigates the operation status and energy consumption of 69 air conditioners of households in a quarter in Beijing by setting One power meter for each air conditioner in the summer of 2011. The results show that the air conditioning energy Consumption of households varies from 6 kWh to 596 kWh with the average of 161 kWh. The maximum is 99 times of the minfirnum. The average energy consumption of the air conditioners is 63 kWh. The average full-load runtime for each air conditioner is about 0.61 h per day. Average energy consumption intensity of air conditioning per floor area is 2.0 kWh/m2. The biggest turning-on ratio of air conditioners （TRAC） in the summer is 31.9% and the maximum daily average TRAC is 13.3%. The average TRAC in the summer is 6.0%. The average energy consumption of split air conditioners is rather lower, since most of the air conditioners in the households operate in a short time because most of the users have taken energy saving behaviors to reduce the air conditioning energy consumption. But the differences of air conditioning energy consumption of different households are very large. The air conditioning operating pattern is the most important influencing factor of the energy consumption.

关 键 词：住宅 空调 能耗 实测 空调开机率 北京市 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]