张家口地区古城旧堡踏勘报告  

A Survey Report about Ancient Cities and Fortresses around Zhangjiakou

作　　者：孙靖国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2014年第2期6-24,共19页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：2008年,北京大学历史地理与古地图研究中心组织了对张家口地区十余处古代城址(亦包括与张家口相邻的山西几处古城址)的踏勘和考察,在此基础上撰成此文。文章对桑干河流域的山川河流分布、地貌特征、历代交通路线、城址的外部形态、平面结构、选址特征以及与周边地理环境之间的内在联系进行了叙述和分析,并指出:由于桑干河流域半农半牧地区的地理特征,导致在历史时期多次发生大规模的人口迁徙,使得在不同时代由不同民族、不同统治集团所主导的城市建设,具有迥异的风貌。即使是同为中原农耕王朝的汉、唐、明三代,山后地区的城市选址也各有特色。概括而言,汉代的城址,多位于较大河流的河流阶地之上,周围开阔而城址规模较大;而唐代的广边军、怀安县等城址则选择于山间小盆地中,周围地势狭隘;明代城址规模宏大,但多靠近边境与边墙,与汉代相比,则更多地从军事角度着眼。这一差异性体现了城址选择机制中的人文因素。This paper is based on a survey about more than ten ancient cities and fortresses in Zhangjiakou, Hebei province and surrounding areas in Shanxi province, conducted in 2008 by the Centre of Historical Geography and Ancient Cartography, Peking University. Descriptions are given about geomorphic features in the Sanggan river basin, transport in ancient times, architectural features and locations of ancient cities and their connections with surrounding landforms. These cities were built by various ethnic groups under changing regimes, as massive migrations were common in this region, which was based on an economy of farming and animal husbandry. By comparing the locations of cities constructed in three farming- based dynasties of Han, Tang and Ming, the author points out factors influencing the choices of locations.

关 键 词：张家口地区 古城地理环境 

分 类 号：K878.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]