甘肃主要马群体遗传多样性及系统发育研究  

The Study of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Evolution in Indigenous Horses(Equus caballus) of Gansu

作　　者：潘建飞[1] 史兆国[1] 成述儒[1] 王川[2] 赵生国[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,兰州730070 [2]中国科学院微生物研究所,北京100101 [3]甘肃省草食动物生物技术重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2014年第2期210-218,共9页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：甘肃农业大学科技创新基金(No.GAU-CX1034)

摘　　要：为了解甘肃主要马(Equus caballus)群体遗传资源及其系统发生关系,本研究测定了普氏野马(E.przewalskii)、蒙古马、祁连马、河曲马(玛曲、合作和碌曲群体)线粒体DNA D-loop高变区核苷酸序列,并进行了遗传多态性检测及系统发育分析。结果表明,甘肃主要马群体线粒体DNA D-loop高变区A+T含量(59.4%)高于G+C含量(40.6%),存在碱基偏倚性,根据检测到的50个多态位点界定了56种单倍型,其总单倍型多样度(Hd)和核苷酸多样度(π)分别为0.967±0.004和0.02100±0.00100。甘肃地方马群体存在6个系统进化枝:A、C、D、E、F和G,A1～A4、A6、C2、D3～D6、G和F1～F3 15个亚进化枝,E枝和F3是河曲马的特有进化枝;C枝是河曲马的优势进化枝;G支系是祁连马的优势进化枝;而F支系是祁连马、蒙古马和河曲马共有的进化枝,其中河曲马占优势;A支系是本研究中6个马群体的共享支系,并发现祁连马与甘肃其它马群体存在共享单倍型,说明祁连马和其它群体有共同的母系祖先。甘肃主要马群体与国内外其它地方马的系统发生关系研究表明,普氏野马有共同的母系祖先,且在共同的母系起源基础上发生了分化。蒙古马、祁连马和河曲马不但与国内地方品种(关中马、西藏马、晋江马、大通马、德保矮马、利川马和百色马)有共同的母系起源,而且与东亚、西亚、中欧、西欧、北美洲、中东等地方马有共同的母系起源,此外,祁连马和河曲马与普氏野马也可能具有共同的母系起源。本研究为甘肃地方马品种的遗传资源保护和开发利用提供参考。The objective of current study is to identify the genetic resource and phylogenetic relationship of indigenous horses in Gansu based on control region of mitochondrial DNA （D-loop）, which was re-sequenced from Equus przewalskii, Mongolian horse , Qilian horse and Maqu horse （Maqu population, Hezuo population and Luqu population）. The results revealed that higher proportion of A＋T content than that of G＋C in all breeds. Fifty-six haplotypes were reconstructed base on 50 polymorphic sites in all populations of Gansu horses. In addition, the nucleotide diversity （π） and haplotyple diversity （Hd） was 0.967±0.004 and 0.01782±0.0076, respectively, which suggested extensive divergence among Gansu horses. Six clusters （A, C, E, F and G） and fifteen sub-clusters（A1-A4, A6, C2, D3-D6, G and F1-F3） were distributed in Gansu horses. Cluster E was identified from Hequ horses merely; Most frequency of Cluster C and Cluster D were filled with Hequ and Qilian, respectively; Cluster A was found from all Gansu horses breeds. Notably, phylogenetic analyses showed Qilian horse share the same haplotype with other population in this study, which implied Qilian horse have the same maternal origin with them. To reveal the relationship between gansu indigenous horses and other breeds in other places of china and all over the world. NJ （Neighbor-Joining） phylogeny tree obtained from phylogenetic analyses compared with other places horses＇ NJ （Neighbor-Joining） phylogeny tree made based on Vilà C. and Janse T. identified standard cluster. The result suggested E.przewalskii had the same maternal origin, otherwise, E. przewalskii got mutation during their evolution. Mongolian horse, Qilian horse and Hequ horse not only had the same maternal origin with domestic horse （Guanzhong horse, Tibtan horse, Jinjian horse, Datong horse, Debao pony, Lichuan horse, Baise horse） but also had the same maternal origin with horses in East Asia, west Asia , central Europe, Western Europe, North America and Middle

关 键 词：马(Equus caballus) 线粒体DNA D—loop 遗传多样性 系统发育 

分 类 号：S82[农业科学—畜牧学]