吉林玉米带春季土壤水分变化对玉米幼苗生长状况的影响  

Influence of Soil Moisture in Spring on Maize Seedling Growth in Jilin Province

作　　者：马树庆[1] 王琪[2] 徐丽萍 于海 张铁林 

机构地区：[1]吉林省气象台,长春130062 [2]吉林省气象科学研究所,长春130062 [3]榆树市农业气象试验站,榆树131106

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2014年第1期55-61,共7页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY20096021);吉林省气象局科研项目

摘　　要：2010年和2011年春季,在吉林省中部玉米主产区开展玉米分期播种和土壤水分胁迫田间试验,每年均设3个播期和4个水分处理,观测播种-7叶期间的土壤水分、灌水量、降水量、气温,以及7叶期后的玉米发育期株高、叶龄和生物量,采用回归分析方法分析土壤水分变化对玉米长势的影响.结果表明,春季土壤持续缺水抑制玉米幼苗茎叶生长,减缓生物量积累.玉米相对叶龄、相对株高和相对于重（均为与对照相比）与播种-7叶期平均土壤湿度间均为显著的二次函数关系,土壤湿度每降低1个百分点,玉米苗期相对叶龄、相对株高和相对干重分别降低5.5、5.6和11.0个百分点.0-20cm土层平均土壤湿度在21.5％～24.0％（或同期土壤有效水量在70 ～85mm）时最适合玉米幼苗生长;土壤湿度降至18％,则玉米苗相对叶龄、相对株高和相对于重分别从适宜土壤湿度条件下的100％降至80％、85％和70％左右;当土壤湿度处于16％以下时,相对叶龄、相对株高和相对干重分别降至68％、70％和50％以下.研究结果对玉米苗情评价、春旱影响评估及灌溉均具有指导意义.Spring maize （Zea mays） field experiment of soil water stress and sowing date were conducted in the maize zone of Jilin province in spring of 2010 and 2011, which set 4 soil moisture levels and 3 sowing dates. The soil moisture, irrigation water amount, and rainfall were observed in the period from sowing to 7 -leaf, and the leaf age, plant height and biomass dry weight of maize plant were observed after 7 - leaf. The impact of soil water change on the state of maize seeding growth was analyzed by using of regression method. The results showed that the soil water stress inhibited the growing of maize leaves and plant, retarded the amassment of seeding biomass. The relationship between relative leaf age of maize seedling, relative plant height and relative biomass and soil moisture in the period from sowing to 7 - leaf were significant quadratic function. Every 1 percentage point decline in soil moisture, the maize seedling moisture leaf age, plant height and dry weight decreased 5.5, 5.6 and 11.0 percentage point respectively. Soil in 21.5% -24.0% （or available soil water in 70 -85mm） in the period was suitable for maize seedlings growth. If the soil moisture decreased to 18.0%, the maize relative leaf age, relative plant height and relative dry weight dropped to 80%, 85% and 70% from appropriate conditions of 100% respectively. When the soil moisture was below 16. 0%, the leaf age, plant height and dry weight decreased to 68%, 70% and 50% respectively. The results had guidance function on evaluation of maize seeding growth, spring drought impact and irrigation.

关 键 词：春玉米 田间试验 幼苗长势 土壤水分 相对叶龄 相对株高 相对干重 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]