灌浆初期不同时长高温胁迫对早稻叶片光合和荧光参数的影响  

Effects of Different Duration of High Temperature Stress During Filling Stages on Leaf Photosynthetic and Fluorescence Parameters of Early Rice

作　　者：杨再强[1,2] 李伶俐[1] 殷剑敏[3] 王学林[1] 孙擎[1] 顾礼力[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [3]江西省气候中心,南昌330000

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2014年第1期80-84,共5页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(2012GB24160606)

摘　　要：以江西早稻"五优157"为材料,于2012年3-7月在南京信息工程大学人工气候箱内进行灌浆初期3d、6d、9d的高温胁迫试验(35℃/28℃,昼/夜),并以适宜温度条件为对照(30℃/25℃,昼/夜),选择早稻上3叶(剑叶、倒1叶、倒2叶)测定其不同时长高温处理光响应曲线,于胁迫解除后第1、3、6、9和12d测定其光合速率和荧光参数,以探讨不同时长高温胁迫对早稻光合特性的影响。结果表明:(1)早稻上3叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、光饱和点(LSP)、PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ实际量子产量(ΔF/Fm')均随胁迫天数的增加而下降。(2)HT3d、HT6d、HT9d处理早稻上3叶的光能利用效率分别比对照降低47.29%、71.21%和79.72%。(3)水稻经过HT6d、HT9d处理后,经12d适宜温度环境下恢复,叶片最大光合速率仅为对照的63.28%和32.04%,而Fv/Fm仅为对照的86.64%和62.57%。研究表明高温(35℃/28℃)胁迫小于6d时,早稻可在适宜温度环境下逐渐恢复光合能力;而高温胁迫达到或超过6d,则会对早稻叶片光合系统造成严重伤害。Using Jiangxi early rice ＂Wuyou 157＂ as material, three duration time of high temperature stress （35℃/ 28℃, day ternperature/night temperature,30℃/25℃ as control）, 3d （HT3d）, 6d （HT6d） and 9d （HT9d）, were carried out in the filling stage in artificial climate chamber at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology from March to July, 2012. Three leaves of rice （flag leaf, pour leaf of rice, inverse two leaves of rice） were selected to measure light response curve and photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters after high temperature stress for 1,3,6,9 and 12d, respectively. The results showed that, （ 1 ） leaves chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, PS II maximum photochemical efficiency and PS II actual quantum yield of three leaves decreased with stress time expansion. （2）The light use efficiency of three rice leaves were decreased by 47. 29%, 71.21% and 79. 72% of control after high temperature treatment for 3, 6 and 9d, respectively. （ 3 ） The maximum photosynthetic rate of rice leaves were 63.28% and 32.04%, and the Fv/Fm were 86. 64% and 62. 57% of control after high temperature treatment for 6d and 9d, respectively. The results showed that if high temperature stress lasts less than 6d, rice leaves can recover their photosynthetic capacity gradually at suitable temperature; while high temperature stress reaches or exceeds 6d, the photosynthesis system get irreversible seriously hurt.

关 键 词：早稻 高温胁迫 叶绿素荧光 光合作用 

分 类 号：S511.31[农业科学—作物学]