分子生物学方法在浮游病毒多样性研究中的应用  

Application of Molecular Biological Methods to Research on the Genetic Diversities of Virioplankton

作　　者：高恶斌[1] 王子乾[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学环境与安全工程学院,镇江212013

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2014年第2期47-55,共9页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31200019);江苏大学高级专业人才启动基金(11JDG151);中国博士后科学基金(20110491363)

摘　　要：病毒是海洋及淡水微生物群落的重要组成部分,在调控微生物环路、驱动生物地球化学循环、维持浮游植物与细菌多样性等方面扮演着重要角色。然而,传统的病毒培养及定量技术难以对浮游病毒群落结构与多样性进行深入而全面的解析。微生物分子生态学技术的快速发展及广泛应用为此提供了新的途径。概述了克隆文库分析方法、凝胶脉冲场电泳(PFGE)技术、DNA指纹图谱、DNA微阵列、宏基因组技术等分子生物学方法的基本概念及其在研究浮游病毒的种群结构与遗传多样性及其与环境因素之间的相互关系等方面的应用状况。Viruses are recognized as an important component of aquatic microbial communities in marine and freshwater environments, and play a significant role in regulating microbial loop, driving global biogeochemical cycling and maintaining clonal diversities of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton populations. However, the structure and diversity of virioplankton communities have not been extensively and overall investigated using classical viral culture and quantitative methods, and the rapid development and application of molecular-ecological techniques offer a new way. The basic concept of some molecular biological methods including cloning library, PFGE, DNA fingerprinting, DNA chip and metagonemics were described, and their application to address the population composition and genetic diversities of virioplankton in natural aquatic environment, and to investigate the ecological relationship between virioplankton and environmental factors.

关 键 词：分子生物学方法 浮游病毒 群落结构 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：Q939.4[生物学—微生物学]