不可逆过程的有效能消耗率及不可逆度  

Available Energy Consumption Rate and Irreversibility Degree of Irreversible Process

作　　者：陈则韶[1] 李川[2] 胡汉平[1] 程文龙[1] 胡芃[1] 江斌[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学热科学和能源工程系,安徽合肥230027 [2]中国科学技术大学国家同步辐射实验室,安徽合肥230029 [3]合肥工业大学机械与汽车工程学院,安徽合肥230009

出　　处：《工程热物理学报》2014年第3期411-415,共5页Journal of Engineering Thermophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.51076147;No.51376167)

摘　　要：本文从不可逆过程有效能消耗率分析出发,提出一种表征不可逆过程的新参数一不可逆度,定义为不可逆过程的总有效能消耗率与总输入或输出能流流率之比值;在提出热力系的势能概念和多种形态能量的有效能定义式的基础上,阐述了有效能消耗率方程,有效能消耗源强度,有效能消耗率最小原理,给出并比较了有效能消耗率与熵产率和(火积)耗散率的关系;有效能消耗率与过程的能流率量纲一致,克服了熵产率和(火积)耗散率与能流率量纲不一致的缺点;不可逆度的物理意义是不可逆过程有效能消耗系数或功耗系数,与热力循环效率互补.A new parameter named the irreversibility degree was proposed to characterize the irreversible process on the basis of the analysis of the available energy consumption rate. It was defined as the ratio of the total available energy consumption rate to the total input/output energy flow rate. On the basis of the concepts of the potential and the available energy of various energy forms in a thermodynamic system, the available energy consumption rate equation, intensity of available energy consumption and available energy consumption minimization principle were described. The relations among the available energy consumption rate, the entropy production rate and the entransy dissipation rate were also given and compared in this paper. The dimension of the available energy consumption rate is consistent with the energy flow rate, which overcomes the dimension inconsistency among the entropy production rate, the entransy dissipation rate and the energy flow rate. The physical significance of the irreversible degree is the available energy consumption coefficient or the power consumption coefficient in an irreversible process, which is complementary with the thermodynamic cycle efficiency.

关 键 词：热力学 不可逆过程 有效能消耗率 不可逆度 

分 类 号：TK123[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]