人类学大视野中的故事变异与永恒问题——基于张爱玲与俄国作家尼古拉·列斯科夫的比较  

The Variations and Eternals of Stories from the Anthropological Perspective: Based on a Comparative Analysis on Eileen Chang and Nikolai Leskov

作　　者：刘俐俐[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2014年第1期165-174,共10页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：刘俐俐承担的天津市2012年度哲学社会科学规划课题"张爱玲小说艺术与中国文学传统"(TJZW12-002)成果

摘　　要：论文由本雅明"讲故事的人"界定的悖论,对本雅明的"故事"概念过于狭窄产生了疑问。疑问来自作者既有的故事思考:故事始终与人类相伴随;故事是感性认识对象;故事可满足人类对意义的需求;故事具有适应人类需求、随条件变化而变化的特性。籍此,论文提出应建立人类学大视野的故事概念。论文选取本雅明认定的"讲故事的人"的俄国作家列斯科夫,以之与中国现代作家张爱玲比较分析。得出了如下结论:列斯科夫的故事是传统故事,传递经验以让人知道;张爱玲的故事是现代故事,传递体验以让人感悟,颠覆了本雅明所说的讲故事的人离我们远去了的断言。籍此就故事的变异与永恒问题形成如下基本看法:故事概念很大,小说概念应置于故事概念之下;故事给了小说各种故事讲法和风格以可能和机会,故事由此而变异;故事满足人类对意义需求的基本功能则永远不会变化;故事的人类学特质给予小说研究以新思路;呼吁关注和思考人类学大视野中故事的形而上思考与故事问题。This paper discusses Benjamin＇s paradox of ＂the story -teller＂ and questions the scope of his definition of the story. The premises for the question include ： stories have always accompanied human activities ; stories are the cognitive objects of hu- man perception; stories meet people＇ s need for meaning; stories adapt themselves to the changes of human needs and cultural conditions. Thus, this paper proposes a broader definition of story from the perspective of anthropology and makes a comparative analysis on Russian novelist Nikolai Leskov who was called a＂ story - teller＂ by Walter Benjamin and modern Chinese novelist Ei- leen Chang. The paper observes that the stories of Leskov are traditional stories aiming at informing the readers while Chang＇ s stories are modern stories aiming at enlightening the readers. This undermines Benjamin＇ s assertion that story - tellers have gone from us. The paper therefore puts forward some initial views on the variations and eternals of stories. Firstly, story is a broad con- cept which should include the novel as a component. Secondly, story provides novels with various ways of telling stories, while the story form may vary. Thirdly, the basic function of story to meet man＇ s need for meaning never changes. Fourthly, the an- thropological features of story may provide new ideas for the study of novels. Finally, the paper concludes that there is an absolute necessity of metaphysical thinking about sto~ from the view of anthropology.

关 键 词：人类学 故事 小说 列斯科夫 张爱玲 

分 类 号：I106.4-03[文学—世界文学]