从精英决策到大众参与:理性视角下的科技决策模式变迁研究  

From Elite Politics to Mass Politics:The Study of S&T Policy Making Model Changing Process from the Prospective of Rationality

作　　者：苏竣[1] 郭跃[1] 汝鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2014年第3期90-94,共5页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"基于若干领域政策实践的中国公共决策模式及其现代化路径研究"(编号:71233005);国家自然科学基金青年项目"中国科技决策中的政府官员与科学家关系研究:基于知识与价值的理论构建和实证研究"(编号:71003062)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：伴随着科学技术的普及以及公民参与意识的提高,科技政策领域以政府官员、科学家为核心主体的精英决策模式不断受到公众的质疑,出现了"合法性"危机。科技决策模式从精英决策向大众参与变迁正逐渐成为发展潮流。本文回顾了西方科技决策模式从精英决策向大众参与的变迁过程,指出其依托的公共管理思想理念体现了从完全理性到有限理性、从工具理性到价值理性的两个转变。以公众广泛参与为主要特征的大众决策模式不仅提升了决策的科学化水平,也成为培育公众参与意识和提升公众参与能力的重要平台。决策主体的工具理性与价值理性的融合,是实现科技决策模式现代化路径的根本诉求。With the development of science and technology popularization and the improvement of citizen participation awareness, the elite decision--making model dominated by governments and scientists in the area of S＆T policy has continually been questioned, leading to a crisis in its legitimacy. The current trend shows that the S＆T decision--making model is evolving from the hands of elite politics to that of mass politics. This study reviews the changing process of the S^T decision--making model from elite to mass politics in the West, and points out that the intellectual context in public administration has produced a change from full rationality to bounded rationality, as well as from instrumental rationality to value rationality. The public decision--making model, with its main characteristic being mass participa- tion, is not only able to improve the quality of policy making output, but also can cultivate public participation aware- ness and promote public participation ability. The combination of instrumental rationality and value rationality at the decision--making level satisfies a fundamental demand in the modernization of the S＆T decision--making model.

关 键 词：科技决策模式 精英决策 大众参与 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]