词汇阻遏:变异语用学的视角  

Lexical Blocking:A Perspective of Variational Pragmatics

作　　者：方小兵[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学中国语言战略研究中心,210046 [2]南京晓庄学院,211171

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2014年第2期85-93,共9页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：江苏省教育厅2013年度高校哲学社会科学基金指导项目"变异语言学视野下的词汇阻遏"(项目编号:2013SJD740019)的资助

摘　　要：阻遏现象是语言学重要的研究课题之一。某个词项的存在阻止了另一个词项的构成或使用称为词汇阻遏。被阻遏的词项可能是基于形态规则的潜在词项,也可能是按照能产性规则构成的既存词项。前一种阻遏被称为形态阻遏,后一种被称为语用阻遏。具体词项对释义性表述的阻遏不是词汇阻遏。在语言使用中,没有一条语言规则是没有例外的,所有的词汇阻遏都是部分阻遏。按照统一的变异语用学理论的解释框架,词汇阻遏现象是语言变异与变化的产物,不规则词项通常是在语言使用与语言接触中产生的。能产性规则随着词汇扩散而传播,但所有的词汇扩散都不可能百分之百完成。变异是进行中的变化,形态规则性的强弱总是取决于其统辖词汇的数量,现在的不规则词项既可能是以往形态规则经历变化后的残留,也可能是未来某个形态规则的端倪。Lexical blocking is a widely observed phenomenon which can be explained as the existence of one form prevents the creation and use of another form that would otherwise be expected to occur in the presence of some productive rules. Lexical blocking can be divided into morphological blocking and pragmatic blocking, and those interpretative statements blocked by particular lexical items are beyond the scope of lexical blocking. From the per- spective of language variation and change, all cases of lexical blocking are partial. The pres- ent article sets out to examine the issue within the framework of variational pragmatics. It is claimed that lexical blocking is the result of language variation and change. Irregular lexical i- tems usually emerge in language use and contact. Productive rules spread with vocabulary diffusion, which is never thoroughgoing. Variation is the change in progress. The strength of morphological rules always depends on the number of irregular lexical items it governs. The present irregular items may be either conventional residue after the rule change, or the initial form of a future morDholoMcal rule.

关 键 词：变异语用学 词汇阻遏 形态阻遏 语用阻遏 语言变异与变化 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]