马占相思开花生物学特征研究  

Floral Biology of Acacia mangium

作　　者：黄烈健[1] 詹妮[1] 李军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州510520

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2014年第1期45-52,共8页Forest Research

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(No.2012BAD01B0402)

摘　　要：利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),对马占相思开花物候、花部形态和传粉效率等进行了研究。结果表明:马占相思于9-11月开花,整个群体花期有6 7个小花期;单株开花同步性强,呈现"集中开花"模式;穗状花序由172.7±27.1朵花组成,每个花序平均有(10.35±7.78)%的雄花,两性花具有雌蕊1枚,含14.11±1.05粒胚珠;柱头凹陷,大小可容纳1 2粒直径为29 35μm的16合花粉粒,P/O’为1.13/1;马占相思开花时,雌蕊先于雄蕊伸展并成熟,为雌蕊先熟;SEM结果显示:花药在开花第2、3阶段仅有开裂线,在第4阶段之后才开裂,即7:00-9:00开裂,9:00-12:00大量散粉;柱头在开花第1天上午可观察到分泌物,预示柱头可授。此研究结果将为今后加强相思种子园的管理及开展相思杂交育种奠定重要基础。Pollination biology of Acacia mangium Willd. was investigated at aspects of floral phenology, floral mor- phology, anthesis, pollination success and so on through routine observation combined with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） in clone seed orchard at Shazui Town, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province. The result showed that the A. mangium flowers between Sep. and Oct. Its flowering was not continuous, containing 6 to 7 flowering stages. Individual plant flowered in synchrony, showing the ＂mass-flowering pattern＂. The spike inflorescence consists of （ 172.7±27.1 ） flowers, including hermaphrodite flowers and male flowers. The male flow- ers account to （ 10.35 ±7.78 ） % per spike. The pistil contained （ 14.11 ± 1.05 ） ovules with a long, solid style. Cup-liked stigma was suitable for one polyad, which comprising 16 pollen grains. The pollen to ovule （P/O＇） val- ued 1.13. When anthesis began, Pistil was the first organ to extend and receptive making protogynous sensible. SEM revealed that the dehiscent lines existed at Stage2 and 3 ; however, the anthers began to dehisce at Stage 4, a- bout 7：00 - 9：00 following abundant pollen shedding at 9：00 - 12：00. The stigmas gone through morphology chan- ges showed as exudates were emerged apparently during the first half-day after anthesis, predicting the coming of re- ceptivity period. The results will helpful for Acacia breeding in the future.

关 键 词：马占相思 开花物候 花部形态 传粉生物学 

分 类 号：S718.4[农业科学—林学]