星系中球状星团的形成与演化  

Formation and Evolution of Globular Clusters in Galaxies

作　　者：甘建铃[1,2] 刘成则[3] 沈世银[1,2] 侯金良[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台星系与宇宙学重点实验室,上海200030 [2]上海市天体物理重点实验室,上海200234 [3]上海交通大学物理与天文系,上海200240

出　　处：《天文学进展》2014年第1期55-70,共16页Progress In Astronomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11243007;11203017;11303071;11173044);创新群体项目(11121062);上海市自然科学基金(11ZR1443400)

摘　　要：球状星团与星系的形成和演化过程密切相关,研究球状星团是研究星系形成和演化的重要途径之一。综述了球状星团在观测上的统计结论,观测对理论模型的限制,利用数值模拟和半解析模型研究球状星团形成和演化等阶段的进展。理论研究主要包括球状星团的形成、密度轮廓、初始质量函数,球状星团在质量、大小、空间上的演化,星系并合对球状星团形成和演化的影响等。通过介绍当前研究的主要模型、相关的研究结果以及该领域尚未解决的一些难题,阐明球状星团与星系的关系,深化对球状星团和星系形成和演化的认识。Understanding on the formation and evolution of globular clusters （GCs） has been a hot topic for many decades. GCs are ubiquitous objects in galaxies. Some of them are confirmed as the oldest group of stars in galaxies, while some are found in merging or star-forming galaxies. The GCs are closely related to the galaxies and thus play an important role in the formation and evolution of galaxies. Many sky surveys have been carried out to search for the GCs, such as the ACSVCS, ACSFCS, SDSS and 2MASS. A lot of data have been accumulated and some important laws about GCs were established. For example, the metallicity of GCs shows a bimodal distribution, and the relative height of two peaks depend on the galaxy luminosity or mass. A theoretical model is required to understand the observed properties and the relation of GCs with galaxies. It＇s found that the GCs usually form in the giant molecular clouds, where the gas density and star formation rate are both high. This situation may happen during the early star burst or the gas-rich merger between galaxies. After the formation of GCs, the stellar evolution in GCs and the dynamical evolution subjected to galaxies can change the mass, size, number, position, metallicity and color of GCs. We review the research progress on the formation and evolution of GCs in simulation and semi-analytical model （SAM）. The theoretical studies include （1） the formation mechanism and initial mass function of GCs; （2） the mass, size and spatial evolution of GCs in galaxies; （3） the influences of galaxy merger on the formation and evolution of GCs. By introducing some leading models and their results, we summarize the general relations between GCs and galaxies obtained by these model. The current research on GCs has shown a great progress, but there is still some open questions waiting for further exploration. As to the formation of GCs, one needs to estimate the collapsing condition of giant molecular clouds. For the dynamical evolution, an initial mass function of

关 键 词：球状星团 星系 观测 数值模拟 半解析模型 

分 类 号：P145.2[天文地球—天体物理]