扎龙湿地景观格局与气候变化  

Landscape and Climate Change in Zhalong Wetland

作　　者：沃晓棠[1] 孙彦坤[1] 田松岩 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省森林工程与环境研究所

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2014年第3期55-59,72,共6页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：黑龙江省省院科技合作项目(HZ201211);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41275154);黑龙江省财政厅自拟项目(2013年)

摘　　要：为探讨扎龙湿地土地利用与覆盖动态对气候变化的影响与响应,基于扎龙湿地1960—2010年逐日气象数据与1979—2010年4期影像数据(Landsat TM),运用3S技术和景观生态学、气候统计学理论与方法,分析了扎龙湿地近50 a气候变化趋势及土地利用与土地覆盖空间格局、组合特征与动态变化情况。结果表明:1979—2010年扎龙湿地景观多样性与景观均匀度分别从1979年的1.226 1和0.761 8变为2010年的1.258 3和0.781 8,景观形状指数和面积周长比分维数先升后降,总体为上升趋势;气候正向暖干方向发展;沼泽地景观因子与气候因子之间有11个相关关系达极显著水平(P<0.01),湖泊、草地分别有3个、2个相关关系达极显著水平(P<0.01);不同研究时段(1979—1989年、1989—1999年、1999—2010年)耕地面积均增加(动态度分别为6.5%、3.1%、0.4%),沼泽地动态度分别为0.4%、-0.6%、-5.2%,裸地在整个研究时段(1979—2010年)均减少。扎龙湿地土地利用景观格局动态变化是气候变化和人类活动双重影响下发生的。The experiment was conducted to study the impact and response of land cover to climate change in Zhalong Wetland. With four images from Landsat TM in 1979-2010 and daily meteorological data in 1960-2010, the climate change trend during recent 50 years and LUCC spatial pattern, the combination characteristic, the dynamic were analyzed by ＂3S＂ tech- nique, landscape ecology theory and climate statistical method in Zhalong Wetland. The landscape diversity index and evenness index changed from 1. 226 1 and 0. 761 8 in 1979 to 1. 258 3 and O. 781 8 in 2010. The landscape shape index and perimeter area fractal dimension were on the rise from 1979 to 2010. There was the warm-dry climate trend in Zhalong Wetland. There were eleven significant correlations （P〈0.01） between landscape factors of marshland and climate fac- tors, three significant correlations （P〈O. 01 ） of lake and two significant correlations （ P〈O. 01 ） of grassland. The area of farmland kept increasing with the dynamic degree of 6.5% in 1979-1989, 3.1% in 1989-1999, and 0.4% in 1999- 2010, respectively. The dynamic degrees of marshland were 0.4% in 1979-1989, -0.6% in 1989-1999, and -5.2% in 1999-2010, respectively. From 1979 to 2010, the bareland declined significantly. The dynamic in land use of Zhalong Wetland is influenced by the dual impacts of climate change and human activities.

关 键 词：扎龙湿地 气候变化 土地利用 景观格局 相关性 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]