不同树种纯林对土壤生物学特性的影响  

Effects of Different Tree Plantation on Soil Biological Properties

作　　者：康颖[1] 李聪[1] 王秋玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2014年第3期93-98,共6页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：黑龙江省科技攻关重大项目(GA06B301)

摘　　要：以东北林业大学哈尔滨实验林场7种人工纯林(兴安落叶松、樟子松林、黑皮油松、白桦、胡桃楸、水曲柳、黄檗)为研究对象,通过对林下土壤酸碱度、相对含水量、微生物数量以及土壤酶活性因子的测定,评价不同树种纯林对土壤生物学特性以及土壤质量的影响。结果显示:不同林型对土壤生物学特性影响差异显著,各影响因子间存在显著相关性。发现细菌为土壤微生物优势菌群,树种对细菌和放线菌的影响比真菌显著。主分量分析表明,土壤酶活性对评价不同树种对森林土壤质量的影响更具代表性,其次是土壤微生物数量和活性。7种人工林中胡桃楸林、水曲柳林的土壤熟化程度和肥力水平较高,兴安落叶松林、黑皮油松林相对较低;黄檗林和白桦林的土壤微生物活性较高,水曲柳林较低。系统聚类结果与主分量分析一致,针叶林聚为一类,白桦林和黄檗林聚为一类,胡桃楸林与水曲柳林聚为一类。An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different forest plantation on soil quality and soil samples from seven types of mono-cuhured plantations including Larix gmelinii （ Rupr. ） Rupr. , Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. , Pinus tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, Betula platyphylla Suk. , Juglans mandshurica Maxim. , Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. , PheUodendron amurense Rupr. planted in Harbin Forest Experiment Station of Northeast Forestry University. The effect of different forest type on soil biological properties and soil quality was evaluated by measuring soil pH, relative water content, microbial number and soil enzyme activity of different forest plantations. There is significant difference in soil bio- logical index among different plantations, and close correlations between most of the factors affecting soil quality. The dom- inant microbial flora is bacteria, and the effects of different forest type on bacteria and actinomycetes are more significant than those on fungi. By principal component analysis, the soil enzyme activity is firstly crucial in evaluating the forest soil quality of different forest type, and then is the soil microbial number and activity. Forest soil mature degree and fertility level of J. mandshurica Maxim. and F. mandshurica Rupr. are higher than those of the others, and L. gmelinii （ Rupr. ） Rupr. and P. tabulaeformis var. mukdensis are lower. Soil microbial activity of P. amurense Rupr. and B. platyphylla Suk. are higher than that of the others, and F. mandshurica Rupr. is the lowest. By system clustering, the coniferous plantations are clustered into one group, P. amurense Rupr. and B. platyphylla Suk. are clustered, J. mandshurica Maxim. and F. mandshurica Rupr. are clustered.

关 键 词：人工林 土壤酶活性 土壤微生物 主分量 系统聚类 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学]