温带果园适宜草种及其播量的初步筛选  

Preliminary screening of appropriate grass species and seeding rate for orchard in Shenyang Area

作　　者：王超[1] 白龙[1] 赵波[1] 吕德国[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《草业科学》2014年第2期284-289,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：农业部现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(413010211-1001-01041909001)

摘　　要：为确定沈阳地区果园生草适宜草种及适宜播量,在沈阳农业大学苹果园套种了不同播量的紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa cv.Zhaodong)、白三叶(Trifolium repens cv.Rivendel)、红三叶(T.pretense cv.Renegade)。通过调查越冬率,确定适宜草种,以产草量、生长速度、粗蛋白含量为参考指标确定适宜播量。结果表明,白三叶和红三叶的最高越冬率分别为12%和48%,而紫花苜蓿的自然越冬率达100%,表明紫花苜蓿更适合冷凉地区果园生草栽培。紫花苜蓿全年可刈割3次,中播量(15kg·hm-2)的全年干草产量、生长速度和平均粗蛋白均为最高,分别为15 783.74kg·hm-2、2.63cm·d-1和19.79%;低播量(12kg·hm-2)的平均净同化率最高,为3.32g·m-2·d-1。由此可知,冷凉地区果园生草适宜草种为紫花苜蓿,从全年干草产量、生长速度、粗蛋白含量等指标综合考虑,适宜播量为15kg·hm-2。In order to screen appropriate grass varieties and seeding rate for orchard in Shenyang area, three different forages including alfalfa （Medicago sativa cv. Zhaodong）, white clover （Trifolium repens cv. Rivendel） and red clover （T. pratense cv. Renegade） were interplanted with different seeding rates in apple orchard. The winter surviving rate, grass yield, growth rate and crude protein were investigated to determine appropriate grass varieties and seeding rate. The results indicated that alfalfa with natural winter surviving rate of 100% performed better compared with white clover and red clover with highest winter surviving rate of 12% and 48%, respectively, which was appropriate in the orchard of this region. Alfalfa can be mowed three times throughout the year. The yield of hay, growth rate and the average crude protein of alfalfa were highest with the medium seeding rate （15 kg·hm^-2） which were 15 783.74 kg·hm^-2, 2.63 cm·d^-1 and 19.79%, respectively. Alfalfa with the low seeding rate have the highest average of net assimilation rate which was 3.32 g·m^-2·d^-1. Alfalfa was appropriate grass variety for orchard in cool area and the appropriate seeding rate was 15 kg·hm^-2 based on the yield of hay, growth rate and the average crude protein.

关 键 词：冷凉地区 果园生草 草种筛选 适宜播量 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学] S55[农业科学—园艺学]