不同覆盖物对盆栽梨树土壤理化性状的影响  

Effect of Different Mulching Materials on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Potted Pear Trees

作　　者：韩翔[1] 李英丽[1] 刘水林[1] 吴伟刚[1,2] 张建光[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北省梨工程技术研究中心,河北保定071001 [2]河北北方学院,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2014年第5期6-11,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家梨产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-29-13)

摘　　要：以盆栽鸭梨为试材,研究了不同覆盖物(紫花苜蓿、高羊茅、早熟禾、麦秸、透明地膜、黑色地膜)对盆栽梨树土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明:不同覆盖物均能提高土壤保水性能,其中以覆盖麦秸保水效果最好;透明地膜覆盖增温效果最为明显,年平均温度比对照提高3.40℃,紫花苜蓿的降温效果最明显,年平均土壤温度比对照低0.68℃。透明地膜覆盖温度日较差最大,达到5.30℃,而高羊茅覆盖土壤温度日较差仅为1.67℃。至于对土壤质地的影响,麦秸覆盖与对照相比差异显著,土壤容重降低了8.82%,总孔隙度增加了9.09%;高羊茅覆盖土壤有机质含量增加最多,增量达到26.80%;紫花苜蓿覆盖对于土壤碱解氮和速效磷含量的增加作用最为明显,增幅分别为28.89%和106.21%;速效钾含量则以高羊茅覆盖最高,为244.96mg/kg;高羊茅覆盖对土壤全量养分的增加效果最明显,全氮、全磷和全钾含量分别增加了46.03%、30.30%和7.99%;不同覆盖物对土壤酶活性的影响效果有所差异,紫花苜蓿处理土壤蔗糖酶活性最高,增幅达到32.84%,早熟禾处理有利于土壤脲酶活性的提高,增幅为21.97%,高羊茅处理同对照相比,土壤磷酸酶活性提高了56.00%,效果最好;黑色地膜和透明地膜覆盖则对土壤养分含量影响不明显。With potted Yali young tree as the samples, the effect of different mulching materials on soil physical and chemical properties were studied,including fresh grasses of alfalfa （Medicago sativa L. ）, lofty rescue grass （Festuca data Keng） and Kentucky bluegrass （Poa pratensis L. ） as well as wheat straw, transparent and black plastic films. The results showed that different mulching materials could consistently raise the water-holding capacity with the wheat straw showing best. The maximal temperature-increasing effect was found in the treatment of transparent plastic film with annual average temperature increasing by 3. 40℃, while the alfalfa mulch exhibited the maximal temperature decrease with annual average temperature reducing by 0. 68℃. The greatest variation of daily temperature occurred in transparent plastic film mulch （achieving 5. 30℃ ） ,while only 1.67℃ was found with lofty rescue grass mulch. As far as the influence on soil texture,a significant difference existed between wheat straw and the control, with soil bulk density lowering by 8. 82 % and total porosity increasing by 9. 09 %. The maximal soil organic matter content was found in lofty fescue grass mulch,increasing by 26. 80%. Moreover, alfalfa mulch showed the most significant increase in soil alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen and rapidly available phosphorus contents, increasing by 28. 89 % and 106. 21%, respectively; lofty fescue grass mulch showed the largest content of available potassium,being 244. 96 mg/kg and most significant effect on total amount of nutrient in soil, with total nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents increasing by 46. 03 %, 30. 30% and 7. 99 %, respectively. In addition, the soil enzyme activities varied with different mulching materials with alfalfa mulch showing maximal activity of soil invertase （rising by 32. 84%）,with Kentucky bluegrass mulch showing the largest soil urease activity （rising by 21.97%） and with lofty rescue grass mulch showing the highest phosphatase activity （rising

关 键 词：鸭梨 盆栽 土壤覆盖 理化性状 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]