中国2012年疑似预防接种异常反应监测数据分析  

Analysis on Surveillance Data of Adverse Events Following Immunization in China,2012

作　　者：武文娣[1] 刘大卫[1] 李克莉[1] 郑景山[1] 许涤沙[1] 王亚敏[1] 曹雷[1] 曹玲生[1] 袁平[1] 王华庆[1] 李黎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2014年第1期1-12,66,共13页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的分析中国2012年疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Events Following Immunization,AEFI)(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)的发生特征,评价AEFI信息管理系统运转情况及预防接种安全性。方法通过中国AEFI信息管理系统,收集截至2013年8月21日报告的2012年发生的AEFI个案数据,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果中国2012年AEFI信息管理系统共收到105 519例个案,比2011年增加了38.80%。中国共有2824个县(区、市、旗,下同)有数据报告,占总县数的91.21%;48h内报告率为98.48%;在10 291例需要调查的AEFI中,48h内调查率为99.14%。AEFI报告数男、女性别比为1.39∶1;≤1岁占74.10%。根据中国2012年免疫规划信息管理系统中疫苗接种剂次估算,AEFI总发生率为21.71/10万剂,严重AEFI估算发生率为0.18/10万剂,预防接种异常反应估算发生率为1.62/10万剂,严重预防接种异常反应估算发生率为0.11/10万剂。不良反应中,一般反应以发热、红肿、硬结为主,预防接种异常反应以过敏性皮疹、卡介苗淋巴结炎为主。不良反应主要集中在接种后≤1d。在所有AEFI中,治愈和好转的占99.03%,死亡96例,其中预防接种异常反应20例。结论中国AEFI监测的敏感性有较大提高,但西部地区部分省(自治区、直辖市)仍是薄弱地区;AEFI常发生在小年龄儿童和接种后≤1d;国家免疫规划疫苗预防接种异常反应报告发生率均在预期发生范围内。Objective The study is to analyZe the occurrence features of adverse event following immunization （AEFI） in China （not include Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan sheng） ,2012, and to evaluate the implementation of AEFI information management system, and the immunization safety related to vaccines. Methods 2012 AEFI data were collected through the national AEFI information management system, which were reported before August 21, 2013. The descriptive methodology was used in the study. Results 105,519 cases were collected in 2012 from national AEFI information management system, which increased 38.80% than in 2011. 2,824 counties reported AEFI, and the proportion of counties with reporting was 91.21%. Proportion of cases reported within 48h was 98.48%, and the proportion of cases investigated within 48h was 99. 14%. The ratio of male-female was 1.39 ： 1. Cases ≤ 1 year old accounted for 74. 10%. Using 2012 vaccination doses collected from Chinese immunization information system, the estimated total AEFI incidence rate was 21.71 per 100,000 doses, the estimated serious AEFI incidence rate was 0. 18 per 100,000 doses, the rare vaccine reaction incidence rate was 1.62 per 100,000 doses, and the estimated serious rare vaccine reaction incidence rate was 0. 11 per 100,000 doses. In all vaccine reactions, the main symptoms of common vaccine reactions were fever, local swelling and indurations, the main diagnosis of rare vaccine reactions were anaphylactic rash and lymphadenitis of Bacilli Calmette-Gu6rin vaccines. Vaccine reactions were often occurred within ld after vaccination. Of all AEFIs, 99.03% were recovered or bettered. In 96 death cases, 20 were rare vaccine reactions. Conclusions The sensitivity of national AEFI surveillance was increased greatly but still weak in some western provinces. AEFIs often occurred in young children, and within 1 day after vaccination. The estimated incidence rate of rare vaccine reactions of national immunization progra

关 键 词：疑似预防接种异常反应 监测 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]