中国2012年麻疹/风疹实验室网络运转情况分析  

Analysis on the Running Status of Measles /Rubella Laboratory Network in China in 2012

作　　者：许松涛[1] 张燕[1] 王慧玲[1] 姬奕昕[1] 朱贞[1] 崔爱利[1] 唐浏英[1] 许文波[1] 毛乃颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所,卫生部医学病毒学和病毒病重点实验室,世界卫生组织西太平洋区麻疹参比实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2014年第1期62-66,共5页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：国家科学技术艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治重大项目课题(编号:2013ZX10004-202;2012ZX10004201-003);传染病实验室网络化检测技术麻疹和脊髓灰质炎实验室网络监测技术课题(编号:2012ZX10004215)

摘　　要：目的评价中国2012年麻疹/风疹实验室网络(Measles/Rubella Laboratory Network,M/RLN)(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)运转情况。方法分析中国2012年M/RLN监测数据库、中国疾病预防控制中心(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC)病毒病预防控制所国家麻疹/风疹实验室(National Measles/Rubella Laboratory,NM/RL)血清学和病毒学监测数据库,评价中国M/RLN运转的各项指标。结果①血清学监测:中国2012年共检测疑似麻疹血清学标本45 474份,其中麻疹免疫球蛋白(Immunoglobulin,Ig)M阳性6347例,占疑似麻疹病例的14.9%;共检测疑似风疹血清学标本44 076份,风疹IgM阳性7611例,占疑似麻疹病例的17.3%。②病毒学监测:2012年22个省(自治区、直辖市,下同)级CDC麻疹/风疹实验室(Measles/Rubella Laboratory,M/RL)共送检474株麻疹病毒,经基因定型证实454株为H1基因型的H1a基因亚型,同时也检测出6株A基因型(疫苗相关株)、13株输入性的D9和1株D8基因型;18个省级CDC M/RL共送检288株风疹病毒,其中198株为1E基因型,同时也检测出90株2B基因型风疹病毒。③M/RLN质量控制:NM/RL作为世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)西太平洋区参比实验室,通过了2012年度WHO的职能考核和现场认证;所有省级CDC M/RL通过了麻疹血清标本复核和职能考核,同时11个省级CDC M/RL通过了WHO专家组的现场考核。结论中国2012年M/RLN运转良好,为疑似麻疹病例的实验室诊断、鉴别诊断、麻疹/风疹病毒学监测提供了良好的技术平台,进一步建立了中国的麻疹/风疹病毒毒株库和基因型数据库,为消除麻疹奠定了良好的实验室基础,也为我国制定消除麻疹的策略提供重要的依据。Objective To evaluate the running status of measles/rubella laboratory network （M/RLN） of China （not included Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Sheng） in 2012. Methods To analyze the database of M/RLN surveillance of the year 2012, and the database of serologic and virologic surveillance of national laboratory for measles in Chinese center for disease control and prevention （CDC）, and assess the relatively indicators of the running status of M/RLN of China as well. Results （1） Serologic surveillance： the suspected cases number was 45,474, the number of measles immunoglobulin （Ig） M antibody positive results was 6, 347, the positive percentage rate was 14.9%; the number of rubella IgM antibody positive results was 7611, which account for 17.3% suspected measles cases. （2） Virologic surveillance ： In 2012, totally 474 measles viral strains were collected from 22 provincial measles/rubella laboratories （ M/RL ）, 454 of them were identified as the Hla subgenotype, 6A genotype （vaccine-associated） cases, 13 D9 genotype cases and 1 D8 genotype were detected as well; 288 rubella viral strains were also successful isolated from 18 provincial M/RL, 198 of them were identified as the 1E genotype and the other viral strains were 2B genotype. （3） M/RLN quality control： NM/RL as the Western Pacific Regional reference laboratory of World Health Organization smoothly passed the proficiency test and on-site review in 2012, all the provincial M/RL passed the re-confirmation of serum samples and proficiency test, and 11 provincial M/ RL passed also the proficiency test and on-site review. Conclusion In 2012, the M/RLN was pretty good and provided the high quality technique platform for the suspected measles cases diagnosis and measles virologic surveillance, a number of wild-type measles strains were obtained and provided the important scientific basis for measles eradication in future.

关 键 词：麻疹 风疹实验室网络 血清学监测 病毒学监测 质量控制 

分 类 号：R373.11[医药卫生—病原生物学]