耐高氨氮浮萍的筛选及优势品种的生长特性  

Screening for high ammonia tolerant duckweed and growth characteristics of dominant species

作　　者：张浩[1,2,3] 方扬[1,3] 靳艳玲[1,3] 肖瑶[1,2,3] 黄田钫[1] 赵海[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院环境与应用微生物重点实验室,成都610041

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2014年第1期63-68,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD22B03);中国科学院创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-EW-J-22和KSCX2-EW-G-1-1);中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养项目(Y2C5021100)资助~~

摘　　要：为寻找有效处理猪场废水等高氨氮废水的浮萍品种,对采集自48个国家和地区的520株浮萍品种在400 mg/L氨氮浓度废水,pH 6.6条件下进行初次筛选,在250 mg/L氨氮浓度下进行复筛,并对筛选所得品种的游离氨耐受性及SOD酶活进行测定.通过初筛获得23株存活浮萍品种,复筛获得XJ3(Landoltia punctata)、D0045(Spirodela polyrhiza)两株优势品种,其在250 mg/L氨氮浓度下蛋白质积累能力分别为2.17 g m-2 d-1、2.15 g m-2 d-1,干物质积累速率分别为4.98g m-2 d-1、4.60 g m-2 d-1,氮元素同化效率分别为11.84%、13.11%.实验表明XJ3可耐受游离氨浓度达1.31 mg/L,D0045可耐受最高游离氨浓度大于0.80 mg/L,验证性实验中,浮萍可在pH 4条件下800 mg/L氨氮废水中存活.SOD酶活性测定显示XJ3、D0045在250 mg/L氨氮胁迫环境下,SOD酶活性变化幅度较小,说明其相对于其他品种具有较强的氨氮胁迫耐受性.因此,XJ3、D0045两株优势浮萍植株可实现高氨氮废水中氮元素的有效转化,对于净化高氨氮废水具有较大潜力.To find duckweed effective in high-ammonia wastewater process and to lay a foundation for a eco-friendly way to solve the serious wastewater issues, we screened 520 duckweed species collected from 48 countries and districts. Primary screening was under the ammonium concentration of 400 mg/L, further screening under 250 mg/L ammonia swine wastewater. All together 23 duckweed species survived the primary screening, and two dominant species, X J3 （Landoltia punctata） and D0045 （Spirodela polyrhiza）~ were found in further screening with rapid protein accumulation rate of 2.17 gm-＂ d-~ and 2.15 g m-2 d-~ d-~, m^2 d~ respectively, and biomass accumulation rate of 4.98 g and 4.60 g m^2 respectively. The nitrogen assimilation efficiency for X J3 and D0045 was 11.84% and 13.11% respectively based on the material balance. Further experiment revealed the critical free ammonia concentration for X J3 and D0045 to poison was 1.31 mg/L and 0.80 mg/L respectively. In the confirmatory experiment duckweed could survive in 800 mg/L ionized-ammonia swine wastewater with pH lowered to 4. The activity of SOD of X J3 and D0045 showed smaller changes than the controls after cultivated in the swine wastewater, indicating that X J3 and D0045 are tolerant of high-ammonia swine wastewater and effective in nitrogen transformation, therefore have potential in swine wastewater treatment.

关 键 词：氨氮 猪场废水 浮萍 筛选 生长特性 游离氨 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q949.717.3[生物学—植物学]