固体氧化物燃料电池电厂并网最优效率负荷跟踪分层递阶控制策略  

Maximum Efficiency Load-tracking Hierarchical Control Scheme for Grid-connected Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Plants

作　　者：李勇汇[1] 王冰[2] 朱海昱 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学电气工程学院,湖北省武汉市430072 [2]云南电网公司玉溪供电局,云南省玉溪市653100 [3]武汉国测科技股份有限公司,湖北省武汉市430223

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2014年第7期1061-1071,共11页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50977067)~~

摘　　要：通过对一个基准动态模型引入能量守恒公式,该文提出适用于固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell,SOFC)静态安全运行的合理运行空间(feasible operating space,FOS)。输出有功P在FOS的一个边界上时其电气效率被证明为最大,此时氢气利用系数u和电堆温度T分别为允许的最大值和最小值。动态模型极点的分布表明:并网SOFC电厂实现最大效率负荷跟踪可采用含有一个快速和一个慢速控制系统的分层递阶控制策略。根据相对增益阵列分析,快速有功控制系统的2个输出P和u分别和燃料处理器输入天然气流量和功率调节单元的移相角δ强相关,从而可以被分解为2个单输入和单输出系统。相应的比例-积分-微分控制器在设计时考虑了描述各控制环相互影响的多重模型因子。慢速温度控制系统中的T由输入氧气流量控制。由于δ对T有显著的影响,可采用一个前馈控制器抑制扰动。仿真结果验证了整体控制方案的合理性。By introducing the energy balance equation in a benchmark dynamic model, a feasible operating space （FOS） for solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） steady-state operating safety was proposed in this paper. The maximum electrical efficiency for a given active power （P） was proven to be on one of the boundaries of the FOS where the fuel utilization factor （u） and stack operating temperature （T） are the maximum and minimum allowable values respectively. The positions of the poles of the dynamic model indicate a hierarchical control scheme, which contains a fast and a slow control system, can be used for the SOFC power plant to achieve the maximum efficiency load-tracking under the grid-connected condition. Based on the relative gain array analysis, P and u as the two outputs of the fast active power control system are strongly dependent on the natural gas flow rate of the fuel processor and the phase shift angle （δ） of the power conditioning unit respectively. The system can therefore be decentralized to two single-input and two single-output systems. The multiplicate model factor described the loop interactions were included in the design of corresponding proportional-integral-differential （PID） controllers. The oxygen flow rate was used to regulate T in the slow temperature control system. Asδhas a significant effect on T, a feed-forward controller was used to reject the disturbance. The efficacy of the overall control scheme was verified by the simulation results.

关 键 词：电气效率 合理运行空间 并网 分层递阶控制 固体氧化物燃料电池 

分 类 号：TM732[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]