施肥对太行山区片麻岩山地水土流失和养分流失影响的研究  

Study on the effect of fertilization to the sloping surface's soil and nutrient loss of Taihang mountainous gneiss area

作　　者：代肖[1] 张海涛[2] 周大迈 王红 张瑞芳 张爱军 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北农业大学研究生学院,河北保定071000 [3]河北省山区研究所/国家北方山区农业工程技术研究中心/河北省山区农业工程技术研究中心,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2014年第1期16-21,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省科技厅项目(11227102D);河北省自然科学基金(C2009000565);河北省教育厅项目(Z2010272)

摘　　要：本试验利用人工模拟降雨装置,采用不同施肥处理,对裸露的片麻岩坡地的土壤和养分流失状况进行定量研究,测定了各种处理下的径流体积和泥沙含量以及不同养分的含量。结果表明:过量施肥处理的流失泥沙总量显著高于未施肥处理(P=0.05)。径流水样中的溶解态氮、溶解态磷、溶解态钾含量均随降雨的持续而逐渐降低,降雨结束时基本保持稳定。各处理泥沙中全氮总量均占到氮总流失量的50%以上,2个施肥处理与未施肥处理氮的总流失量之间存在显著差异(P=0.05);各处理泥沙中全磷占总流失量的70%以上,2个施肥处理与未施肥处理磷的总流失量之间存在显著差异(P=0.05);各处理泥沙中全钾总量分别占总流失量的90%以上,过量施肥处理与未施肥处理钾的总流失量之间存在显著差异(P=0.05)。Rainfall simulation experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of different a-mount of fertilization to the sloping surface＇s soil and nutrient loss of Taihang mountainous gneiss area quantitatively. The experiment has determinated the runoff＇s volume, sediment content and the content of different nutrients under different fertilizer levels. The results showed that the total amount of sediment loss of the excessive fertilization treatment was significantly higher than that of the no fertilization treatment （P=0.05）. The dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were gradually reduced over time and remained stable at the end of rainfall. The total nitrogen in the sediment accounted for more than 50% of the total nitrogen loss in each treatment. Both of the fertilization treatment＇s total nitrogen loss was significant different with the no fertilization treatment（P=0.05）. The total phosphorus in the sediment accounted for more than 70% of the total phosphorus loss in each treatment. Both of the fertilization treatment＇s total phosphorus loss is significant different with the no fertilization treatment （P =0.05）. The total potassium in the sediment accounted for more than 70% Of the total phos- phorus loss in each treatment. The excessive fertilization treatment＇s total potassium was sig- nificantly different with the no fertilization treatment （P=0.05）.

关 键 词：片麻岩 人工降雨 施肥 水土流失 养分流失 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]