微污染水源水中重金属镉的去除  

Removal of cadmium in micropollution source water

作　　者：杨威[1,2,3] 刘灿波 余敏[5] 田家宇[5] 李圭白[5] 任南琪[5] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨商业大学环境工程系,黑龙江哈尔滨150076 [2]哈尔滨商业大学生命科学与环境科学研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150076 [3]哈尔滨工业大学环境科学与工程博士后流动站,黑龙江哈尔滨150090 [4]北京欧泰克石油工程有限责任公司,北京100086 [5]哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《化工学报》2014年第3期1076-1083,共8页CIESC Journal

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(E200818)~~

摘　　要：针对我国水源水中微量重金属污染特点,在不改变常规给水处理工艺前提下,提出了用水合二氧化锰去除饮用水中的微量重金属镉污染物的强化混凝工艺。采用硫代硫酸盐与高锰酸盐经氧化还原反应生成的水合二氧化锰处理含镉水源水,系统讨论了pH、浊度、腐殖酸等水质参数对水合氧化锰混凝除镉效能的影响;采用XRD、XPS技术并结合投射电镜技术对水合二氧化锰粒子的物相晶型、表面组成及水中形态进行了表征;采用透光脉动检测技术对水合二氧化锰絮凝的全过程进行了研究,把微观的絮体结构与形态观测同宏观的混凝现象结合起来进行综合分析,试图探讨水合二氧化锰混凝去除水中重金属镉的可能机理和特点。结果表明:水合二氧化锰为表面积大、吸附力强的非晶形胶体,对溶解态隔和吸附态镉均表现了优异去除能力,其去除金属镉的机理可能是依靠专属吸附、静电吸附以及网捕卷扫综合作用的结果。水合二氧化锰能够很有效去除水源水中的微量镉,并能使出水满足饮用水水质标准。Source water in China contains in general pollutants of trace heavy metals. In this paper it is suggested that use of hydrous manganese dioxide enhance removal of cadmium in source water without changing the conventional treatment technique. Hydrous manganese dioxide prepared with thiosulfate and potassium permanganate by oxidation-reduction reaction was used as a new type of purifying agent. The parameters such as pH, turbidity and humic acid, which affect its purifying efficiency, were also studied. The properties of new purifying agent, such as morphology, surface composition and structure are characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and transmission electron microscope （TEM） to establish links between them and coagulation phenomenon, and the characteristics of flocculation process are monitored by transmitted light fluctuation technique in order to reveal possible mechanism of cadmium removal by hydrous manganese dioxide. The results show that hydrous manganese dioxide is a kind of colloid with large specific surface, which exhibits strong adsorption characteristic thus excellent removal efficiency for dissolved and adsorbed cadmium. The mechanism of cadmium removal by hydrous manganese dioxide is probably that it is a combination result of specific adsorption, electrostatic-adsorption and entrapping-settling. So, it should be concluded that hydrous manganese dioxide can remove cadmium ions effectively from source water and can make effluent meet the national criteria for drinking water.

关 键 词：饮用水源 重金属 镉 强化混凝 水合二氧化锰 结构表征 形貌 

分 类 号：TU991.2[建筑科学—市政工程]