草莓温室施用百菌清对施药及采收人员的暴露水平与风险评估  

Risk assessment of human exposure to chlorothalonil during application and harvest process in strawberry greenhouse

作　　者：安雪花[1] 吴长兴[1] 吉小风 吴声敢[1] 陈丽萍[1] 苍涛[1] 蔡磊明[1] 赵学平[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室--省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《农药学学报》2014年第1期84-91,共8页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303088);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAE06B09)

摘　　要：采用手动背负式喷雾器，在草莓温室中均匀施用75％百菌清可湿性粉剂，通过贴片法分析了施药者及果实采收者的人体暴露量，研究了草莓温室施用百菌清对操作人员的职业暴露风险。结果表明：在草莓温室中施用百菌清，对施药者人体暴露的施药液量为19．2～46．6mL／h，平均为30．2mL／h，主要暴露部位为小腿；采收果实时，施药后第1天采收者人体暴露的施药液量为3．8mL／h，第7天时为0．027mL／h，主要暴露部位均为手部。在本研究暴露条件下，施药者的安全限值（MOS）为0．258，表明该暴露环境对施药者存在风险；施药后1～7d，采收者的MOS值均〉1，表明该暴露环境对采收者人体暴露为安全。研究表明，在草莓温室中施用百菌清，对田间操作人员存在职业暴露风险，因此应注意加强防护措施，或缩短暴露时间；采收时，对采收者无职业暴露风险，但应对主要暴露部位手部加强防护。Risk assessment was conducted for operators in strawberry greenhouses during pesticide application and harvest. Chlorothalonil （75%, WP） was applied by using a manual knapsack sprayer. Dermal patch method was used to measure potential dermal exposure （PDE）. During the application of chlorothalonil in the strawberry greenhouse, the rate of potential dermal exposure of applicators ranged from 19.2 -46.6 mL/h with average of 30.2 mL/h. It＇s also found that the major exposure part waslower legs. During the harvest, the rate of potential dermal exposure of harvesters at the first day was 3.8 mL/h, but at the seventh day it was only 0. 027 mL/h. Further, the major exposure part was hands during harvest. The margin of safety （MOS） was calculated. For applicators, MOS was 0. 258 indicating risky environmental conditions, but the MOS was greater than 1 for harvesters during each day of harvest process （ 1 - 7 days ）, which indicated safe working conditions for harvesters. Chlorothalonil applied in the strawberry greenhouse could put applicators in risky working conditions, but the harvesters are relatively safe. Therefore, shorten exposure time, and harvesters should greenhouse. applicators should strengthen personal protection or pay attention to hand protection in the strawberry

关 键 词：百菌清 人体暴露 安全限值 施药者 采收者 草莓 

分 类 号：TQ450.26[化学工程—农药化工] S482.2[农业科学—农药学]