湖沼地区垸内沟渠有螺环境分类定级研究  

Classification and grading of environments with Oncomelania hupensis snails inside embankment of marshland and lake areas

作　　者：彭孝武[1] 荣先兵[1] 李明炎 张华明 刘恒武[1] 王加松[1] 刘雄 张霞 陈美 崔彩霞 董娟[1] 郭舒[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省荆州市疾病预防控制中心,荆州434000 [2]湖北省荆州市卫生局 [3]湖北省江陵县血吸虫病预防控制所

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2014年第1期9-12,共4页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：2013-2014年度湖北省卫生厅支助项目(XF2012-15)

摘　　要：目的对湖沼地区垸内有螺环境进行分类定级，以提高查螺工作效率，实现有螺环境分类管理。方法选择湖北省湖沼型血吸虫病流行区江陵县廖堤村和熊堤村为试验村，对其有螺环境按500m为段进行分段，采用系统抽样法，以50m和10m设框分别对两村进行调查。按是否发现感染性螺点、有无野粪污染对有螺环境进行分类，统计两村各类有螺环境处数及面积。收集荆州市近5年来感染性螺点数据，按钉螺平均密度对有螺环境进行分级，探索有螺环境级别与感染性螺点数和有螺框出现率之间的关系。结果荆州市近5年来共有1967处感染性螺点，有螺环境级别与有螺框出现率呈正相关关系（r8=0．77，P〈0．01），有螺环境为5级时，感染性螺点数构成比为3．1％，有螺环境为2～3级，感染性螺点数构成比达56．3％。两试验村共有39处有螺环境，1、2、3类环境分别为1、18、20处，面积分别为1080、51640、41220㎡。50m设框与10m设框查出的有螺环境分级差异无统计学意义（X^2=4．667，P〉0．05），但后者查螺用时约为前者的3倍。结论对垸内有螺环境采用分类定级的查螺模式，可掌握查灭螺重点。分段定框查螺可节省查螺时间和人力资源，提高工作效率，同时也可掌握有螺环境的螺情分布现状，从而有利于实现对垸内有螺环境分类管理。Objective To classify and grade the environments with Oncomelania hupensis snails inside embankment in marsh land and lake areas, so as to improve the work efficiency and realize the systematic management. Methods The schistosomiasis endemic area Liaodi and Xiongdi villages in Jiangling County, Hubei Province were selected as the experiment villages, and the environments with snails in the two villages were divided into sections with a length of 500 m, then the snail situation were sur veyed by the systematic sampling method with 10 m and 50 m a frame respectively. The environments were classified according to the discovery of infected snails and wild fecal contamination, and the numbers of sites with snails and their areas in different class es were recorded. Meanwhile, the data of sites with infected snails in Jingzhou City during the recent 5 years were collected and graded according to the average density of snails, so as to discuss the correlativity between the grades of environments with snails and the numbers of sites with infected snails and the occurrence rate of frames with snails. Results There were 1 967 sites with in fected snails in Jingzhou City during the recent 5 years, and there was a positive correlation between the grades of environments with snails and the occurrence rate of frames with snails （r8= 0.77, P 〈 0.01）, when the grade was 5, the constituent ratio of num bers of sites with infected snails was 3.1%, and when the grade was 2-3, the ratio raised to 56.3%. There were 39 sites with snails in the two villages, the Class 1, 2 and 3 environments included 1, 18 and 20 sites, with the areas of 1 080, 51 640 m2 and 41 220 m^2 , respectively. There were no statistically significant difference between the grades divided by snail survey with 10 mand 50 m a frame （ X^2 = 4.667, P 〉 0.05）, but the time-consuming of the former was 3 times of the latter. Conclusions The classificationand grading of the environments with snails inside embankment in marshland and lake areas can master the

关 键 词：钉螺 分类定级 有螺环境 垸内 湖沼地区 

分 类 号：R383.24[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]