人工模拟降雨条件下花岗岩红壤坡面侵蚀过程与特征分析  

Processes and characteristics of erosion on hillslopes of granite red soil under simulated rainfall

作　　者：冯秀[1] 查轩[1] 黄少燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省亚热带资源与环境重点实验室福建师范大学地理科学学院,350007

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2014年第1期19-23,共5页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目“南方红壤区水土流失综合治理范式及调控机理研究”(2007CB407207);福建省公益类科研院所基本科研专项项目“重要水源地水土流失面源污染及调控技术研究”(2010R1037-1)

摘　　要：通过室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究降雨强度、坡度及地表覆盖3因素对花岗岩红壤坡面侵蚀过程的影响.结果表明：1）起始产流时间随降雨强度和坡度的增加而有所提前,而地表覆盖能延缓起始产流时间;2）在不同降雨强度和坡度条件下,径流率从产流初期开始都快速增加,7 ～ 10 min后达到稳定,且随着降雨强度和坡度增加,径流率也显著增加;3）随着降雨强度的增大,产沙率明显增大,且降雨强度越大,坡度对产沙率的影响越明显;4）降雨强度和径流总量、产沙总量之间相关性极显著,其相关系数分别为0.892和0.799;5）地表覆盖具有良好的减沙作用,其减沙效益超过90％.The main objective of this study is to quantify the effects of rainfall intensity,slope and surface cover on the soil erosion processes on hillslopes of granite red soil through artificial rainfall simulation.The results show that：1） the initial time producing runoff became earlier with the increase of rainfall intensity and slope degree,while surface cover on the slope would delay the initial time; 2） at different rainfall intensities and slope degrees,the runoff rate increased rapidly on the start of runoff generation,and reached stable in 7-10 min; in addition,the runoff rate increased significantly with the increase of rainfall intensity and slope degree; 3） the sediment yield rate increased markedly with the increase of rainfall intensity,and the bigger the rainfall intensity was,the more obvious the effect of slope degree on the sediment yield rate was; 4） the rainfall intensity was positively related to the total runoff and total sediment with the correlation coefficients of 0.892 and 0.799,respectively; 5） surface cover played an important role in the reduction of sediment,and the contribution rate was more than 90％.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 南方红壤 模拟降雨 坡度 地表覆盖 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]