晋西苹果＋大豆间作土壤水分分布及其对大豆生长的影响  

Distribution of soil moisture in Malus pumila and Glycine max intercropping system and its impact on the soybean growth

作　　者：廖文超[1] 毕华兴[1] 赵云杰[1] 许华森[1] 高路博[1] 常译方[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,100083

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2014年第1期24-28,共5页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目“高效可持续农林复合系统构建及调控技术研究”(2011BAD38B02)

摘　　要：果农间作是晋西黄土区农林复合的主要模式之一。采用定位监测方法,以4、6和8年生苹果与大豆间作系统为研究对象,分析其土壤水分空间分布及其对大豆生长的影响。结果表明:1)不同树龄苹果+大豆间作系统在垂直方向上土壤含水量随着土层深度增加而增高,在水平方向上土壤含水量随着距离果树距离的增大而增高;2)土壤含水量总体表现为8年生间作系统>4年生间作系统>6年生间作系统,8年生间作系统比4年生间作系统高3.13%,比6年生间作系统高10.38%;3)随着树龄的增长,间作大豆平均株高、生物量和产量均逐渐减小,其中8年生间作系统中,大豆生长受影响最严重。随着果树树龄的增长,建议增加果农界面的距离或适时停止复合经营。Fruit and crop intercropping is the primary mode of agroforestry system in the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province.An experiment was conducted to study the spatial distribution of soil moisture in different ages of Malus pumila ＋ Glycine max intercropping systems and its impact on the growth of soybean.Results indicated that：1） in different ages of M.pumila ＋ G.max intercropping systems,soil moisture content increased with the increase of soil depth in vertical direction as well as the distance to the tree row in horizontal direction ;2）as for the total soil moisture content,it showed a regular order of 8-year-old intercropping system ＞ 4-year-old intercropping system ＞ 6-year-old intercropping system.Specifically,soil moisture content of the 8-year-old intercropping system was 3.13％ higher than that of the 4-year-old intercropping system and 10.38％ higher than that of the 6-year-old intercropping system; 3） the height,biomass and yield of soybeans decreased gradually along with the aging of the trees.It was shown that soybeans in the 8-year-old intercropping system were most severely affected by the tree age.We suggest that farmers increase the distance of fruit trees to crops or stop planting crops in 8-year-old apple orchards.

关 键 词：不同树龄 果农间作系统 土壤水分 晋西黄土区 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]