停车场集雨洗车现场试验  

A field test of car washing using harvested rainwater in the parking lot

作　　者：张艳娟[1] 徐向舟[1] 舒利明[2] 刘璐[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学水利工程学院,辽宁大连116024 [2]大连理工大学化工与环境生命学部,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2014年第1期109-113,共5页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"黄土沟坡重力侵蚀过程试验模拟研究"(51079016);辽宁省高等学校科研项目"一种砂基透水砖的产业化探索"(LS2010034);2012年研究生教学改革与研究基金资助项目"水土保持方向研究生培养模式"(JGXM201228)

摘　　要：将雨水集蓄利用技术与停车场的建设发展相结合,可以提高雨水利用的综合效益,实现人、车、环境的和谐发展。针对我国城市雨水的特点,设计出了停车场集雨洗车装置,并通过这套系统在示范区进行雨水集蓄利用现场试验。结果表明:1)设计的集雨洗车装置具有以下特点:雨水处理效果好、雨水不与人体直接接触、可持续供水、实现了水量定量观测。2)不考虑循环用水时的洗车用水定额,免费自助洗车时实测值为58 L/(辆·次),商业洗车时可取为55 L/(辆·次)。3)过滤装置对雨水的浊度和悬浮物浓度改变较大,对COD、TP、TN等指标没有显著影响;过滤袋式净水器较U型管净水器的过滤效果更为显著。4)本试验场实际收集水量仅占年内可收集径流量的15.1%,雨水利用量还有很大潜力。综上,本研究的集雨洗车装置水质处理效果显著、使用方便,可以广泛推广。Application of rainwater harvesting technology in parking lot can increase the comprehensive benefits of rainwater and promote the harmonious development of human,car,and environment.We design a car washing system with a rainwater collecting device according to the rainfall characteristics in urban China,and then carry out a field test in the study area.The results are as follows.1） The device is convenient and observable,and can dispose rainwater into high quality water.Water supply from the device is also continuous,for tap-water can be auto-added if stored rainwater is insufficient.The amount of collected and consumed water can be quantitatively observed.People can spray rainwater to the car with airbrush,and wash towels with hands in tap-water.Hence they should not directly touch the collected rainwater.2） It was observed in this experiment that the volume of water needed for washing a car was 58 L while sewage was not reused.However,generally 55 L of water per car would be enough in the commercial business.3） The filters significantly affect the turbidity and concentration of the suspended substance in the rainwater,but hardly have any effects on COD,TP,TN,etc.Moreover,the bag-styled filter is more effective than the U-shaped filter.4） Nevertheless,the amount of collected rainfall is only 15.1％ of the total collectible runoff in the study area.More rainfall could be utilized if the device were improved.As a result,the device is easy to use and can efficiently improve the quality of collected rainwater.Thus,it can be widely applied in the future.

关 键 词：雨水集蓄利用 现场试验 水质 水量 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]