竞技武术套路运动员赛前应激状态及其调整对策研究  

On the Stringent State of Competitive Wushu Routine Athletes before Competitions and The Corresponding Adjustment Strategies

作　　者：张玉龙[1] 龙佩林[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学体育学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《搏击（武术科学）》2014年第2期65-66,69,共3页Wushu Science

摘　　要：文章运用文献资料研究法、访谈法、结合武术的实际比赛情况,对竞技武术套路运动员赛前应激状态形成的原因进行分析。研究结果认为:赛前心理应激状态分为有益的应激状态和有害的应激状态。有害的心理应激状态有过度兴奋和过度抑制。有益的心理应激状态表现为:兴奋性增加但是在自控的范围内、精神振奋自信心较足思维开阔但在理性的控制下。有害的生理应激状态表现为:口渴尿频、两腿无力、手脚发抖、面色苍白甚至肌肉僵硬,四肢发抖等。有益的生理应激状态表现为:出心率、血压在一定的范围突然升高脉搏呼吸加快血液循环加快肌肉紧张程度增加,肌肉的力量和速度更加协调有力。产生的原因是比赛经验、运动损伤、自身性格、自我期盼、项目自身的自身特点,进而提出默念、转移注意力、听音乐运动调控、模拟训练等方法。This paper, with the methods of literature, interview, combined with practical Wushu competitions, studies the reasons of competition wushu athletes stringent state formation before games. Results show： the psychological stringent states can be divided into beneficial state and harmful state. Harmful psychological stringent state has excessive excitement and inhibition, while the benefical psychological stringent state is shown as： excitatory increase but in the self-control range, encouraging self-confidence is enough thinking but under rational control. Harmful physiological stringent state is shown as： thirsty to urinate, two leg weak, hands trembling, pale even muscle stiffness, shiver through every limb. Beneficial physiological stringent state is shown as： the heart rate, blood pressure are in a certain range suddenly increases the pulse of breathing increases, accelerate the blood circulation to speed up the muscle tension of muscle strength and speed more harmonious. Reasons include match experience, sports injury, looking forward to their own personality, pproject their own characteristics.The study proposes the meditation, distracting, and listening to music movement control, simulation training, etc.

关 键 词：武术比赛 赛前应激状态 调整对策 

分 类 号：G85[文化科学—民族体育]