定植年限对小叶锦鸡儿灌丛及根际土壤养分与酶活力的影响  

Effect of Age Sequence on the Rhizosphere Soil Nutrient and Enzyme Activities of Caragana microphylla Plantation

作　　者：董云中 张强 郜春花 李建华 

机构地区：[1]山西省农科院农业环境与资源研究所,太原030006

出　　处：《农学学报》2014年第1期29-32,93,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：山西省科技攻关重大专项"工矿废弃地复垦与生态重建技术研究与集成示范"(20121101009);科技部国际科技合作项目"微生物菌剂在矿区复垦与生态恢复中的应用"(2011DFR31230);农业部"948"项目"干旱半干旱风沙型盐碱区生态建设关键技术引进"(Z2004-32)

摘　　要：为了探讨小叶锦鸡儿在晋西北黄土丘陵区缺乏养分管理的环境下的生长状况,选取不同定植年限小叶锦鸡儿人工灌丛为研究对象,进行定植年限对灌丛及根际土壤养分及酶活力状况的影响研究.结果表明,小叶锦鸡儿随着定植年限的增加,地上部干物质绝对生长速率的峰值出现在10～20年间,20～30年间生长速率开始逐渐减小,但仍处于增长阶段；30～40年间,地上部干物质绝对生长速率出现负值,说明30年之后出现了灌丛枝、叶干枯退化现象.灌丛定植年限对根际土壤酸碱性并无明显影响.各定植年限灌丛土壤有机质和全氮含量均有明显的根际富集作用,定植年限对富集作用的影响无明显规律,没有表现出随定植年限的增加而出现显著的养分消耗现象；小叶锦鸡儿短期生长对磷的富集效应不明显,而长期则表现为根际土壤有效磷含量较非根际土壤高,出现有效磷在根际富集的现象；速效钾含量随着生长年限的增加呈逐渐降低趋势,且根际土壤显著高于根外土壤,以30年生小叶锦鸡儿灌丛的根际效应最为显著.土壤酶活性的变化呈现一定的阶段性,土壤过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性在5～10年均处于快速增长期、10～20年处于缓慢提高期,20～30年处于缓慢降低期.因此,为了黄土高原植被的可持续利用,小叶锦鸡儿30龄时需要及时刈割平茬.In order to reveal the growth status of Caragana microphylla which were lack of nutrient management in the loess hilly region of northwest Shanxi, the effect of age sequence on the rhizosphere soil nutrient and enzyme activity of Caragana microphylla shrub was studied. The results showed that： the absolute growth rate of dry was maximum in the 10-20 a, began to decrease in 20-30 a, turn to negative growth in 30-40 a; age sequence had no significant effect on soil pH; the organic matter and total nitrogen content of soil had a significant enrichment to rhizosphere region in all shrubs, and age sequence didn＇t have obvious effect on it. There was not significant nutrient consumption phenomenon with increasing growth years; the enrichment of phosphorus to rhizosphere region was not obvious in short-term but obvious in longer-term; the available K content of soil went down by years, and rhizosphere effect was obvious, especial in 30 a. The soil enzyme activities of shrub showed a certain stage, rapid growth in 5-10 a, slowly increase in 10-20 a, gradually decreased in 20-30 a. So it was suggested 30 years microphylla should be mowed stubble timely to keep the sustainable use.

关 键 词：小叶锦鸡儿 根际营养 土壤酶活力 定植年限 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]