基于DEA-Malmquist方法的中国区域排污费征管效率分析  

Assessment of the Expropriation Efficiency of Regional Pollutants Levy System in China Based on DEA-Malmquist Model

作　　者：高树婷[1] 苏伟光[2] 杨琦佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境规划院,北京100012 [2]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2014年第2期23-29,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"中国环境税政策设计与效应研究"(编号:12AZD040)

摘　　要：排污收费制度是我国一项基本的环境管理制度,但目前排污收费制度还不够完善,征管效率受到许多质疑。为了探究我国排污费征管效率水平及其影响因素,本文利用数字包络分析方法(DEA模型)和Malmquist指数对我国排污费征管效率进行实证研究。基于面板数据对我国31个省市自治区2005-2010年的排污费征管效率变化状况进行测算,分析排污费征管效率的变化情况以及影响因素,并测算征管效率对排污费增长的贡献率。研究表明:①2005年至2010年全国征管效率水平普遍比较高,效率值基本处于0.6-1之间,且呈逐年提高趋势;②各省之间征管效率存在一定的差异,其中,北京、天津、内蒙古、辽宁、上海等12个省市始终征管有效,而云南、安徽、福建、陕西、江西和江苏、浙江等19个省市远离效率前沿面;③废水、废气和固体废弃物排放等因素与监管效率呈明显的负相关关系,监管设备、劳动力对监管效率有显著的正影响;④监管效率对排污费征收额有绝对的正效应,即每提高1%的征管效率,则征收额度将提高61.84万元。最后,从监管人员、设备和监管体系三个方面给出提高排污征管效率的政策及管理建议。The pollutants levy system （PLS） is a basic environmental management system in China. There are a lot of queries about the expropriation efficiency of the PLS due to imperfect system. In order to explore the expropriation efficiency and influencing factors, this paper conducts an empirical research to the expropriation efficiency of PLS in China by using data envelopment analysis （DEA） model and Malmquist Index. The trend of expropriation efficiency is computed based on panel data on the pollutant levy revenue collected in 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 2005 to 2010. The trend and influencing factors of expropriation efficiency are analyzed and the growth rate contributed by efficiency is measured. Firstly, the research finds out that the average expropriation efficiency of pollutant levy is generally at a high level, ranging from 0.6 to 1, and has grown significantly annually in China from 2005 to 2010. Secondly, there are some variations in the rate of efficiency between provinces, with 12 provinces and autonomous regions, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, and Shanghai being always effective, and those such as Yunnan, Anhui, Fujian, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang provinces and autonomous regions being far from the efficiency frontier surface. Thirdly, there is a significant negative correlation between facts such as waste water, waste gas and solid and the expropriation efficiency, while positive between those such as monitoring equipment and labor and the expropriation efficiency. Fourthly, the expropriation efficiency has a positive effect on pollutant levy revenue with the expropriation efficiency increasing 1%, leading to the increase of the pollutant levy revenue of 618 400 Yuan. Finally, policy suggestions for improving the expropriation efficiency have been put forward in the aspects of labor, equipment and implementation.

关 键 词：DEA模型 MALMQUIST指数 排污费征管效率 区域 

分 类 号：F062[经济管理—政治经济学]