不同植被条件下土壤抗冲性及其影响因素  

Dynamic Change of Soil Anti-scourability and Its Influencing Factors Under Different Vegetation Types

作　　者：何淑勤[1] 宫渊波[1] 郑子成[2] 孔祥东[3] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,四川雅安625014 [2]四川农业大学资源环境学院,四川成都611130 [3]四川省水土保持局,四川成都610041

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2013年第6期75-79,83,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目"长江中上游西南退化生态系统恢复与重建技术"(2006BAC01A11);国家科技"十二五"支撑计划项目"长江上游低山丘陵区生态综合整治技术及示范"(2011BAC09B05)

摘　　要：采用野外实地放水冲刷的方法,以刺槐林、混交林幼林、天然次生林、退耕岷江柏林、岷江柏幼林、灌木林地为研究对象,研究了土壤抗冲性变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明,不同植被条件下土壤径流量随冲刷时间的变化较明显,总体上表现为先增大后减小,呈单峰变化。对照裸地(CK)径流随时间变化量低于灌木林地,但高于其它植被条件。不同植被条件下土壤冲刷过程中含沙量呈先降低后趋于平缓的变化规律。退耕岷江柏林、灌木林和岷江柏幼林地在产流过程中径流含沙量随时间变化较平稳,其中退耕岷江柏林地径流含沙量最小。混交林地含沙量总体较小,趋于稳定的时间滞后于其它植被条件。不同植被条件下土壤抗冲指数由大到小依次表现为:退耕岷江柏林>岷江柏幼林>刺槐林>灌木林>天然次生林>混交林幼林>裸地(CK)。不同植被条件下,土壤容重与抗冲指数呈显著负相关,微团聚体组成中<0.001mm颗粒与土壤抗冲指数间呈显著正相关关系,其它粒级颗粒与土壤抗冲指数之间的相关性均未达到显著。土壤速效磷与抗冲指数呈显著负相关关系。On the basis of field washing experiments, dynamic variation characteristics of soil anti-scourability and its influencing factors were studied under six vegetation types including the conversion of farmland to Minjiang cypress, Minjiang young cypress, Robinia pseudoacacia, the shrub, natural secondary forest and the mixed young stands. The results showed that changes of runoff amount were significant with washing time under different vegetations. Runoff amount increased firstly with the increasing of washing time under different vegetations, and then decreased. Runoff amount of the control（CK） was lower than that of the shrub, and was higher than that of the other vegetations. Sediment concentration was keeping stability after decrease with the increasing of washing time under different vegetations. Sediment concentration was the lowest with the increasing of washing time for the conversion of farmland to Minjiang cypress. Sediment con- centration was the lower with the increasing of washing time for the mixed young stands, and the time of steady sediment concentration was later than that of the other vegetations. The results also demonstrated that soil anti-scouring index changed in the following order of treatments, the conversion of farmland to Min- jiang cypress〉Minjiang young cypress〉Robinia pseudoacacia 〉 the shrub〉 natural secondary forest〉the mixed young stands〉the control（CK）. Under different vegetations, there was significantly negative correla- tion between soil anti-scouring index and soil bulk density. There was significantly positive correlation be-tween the size of 〈0. 001 mm in micro-aggregate composition and soil anti-scouring index. There was no sig nifieantly different between content of the other particles in micro-aggregate composition and soil anti scouring index. There was significantly negative correlation between content of soil available P and soil anti scouring index.

关 键 词：径流量 含沙量 土壤抗冲性 植被类型 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]