黑河流域中游人工水循环系统在分水前后的变化  

The Impacts of Water Delivery on Artificial Hydrological Circulation System of the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Basin

作　　者：盖迎春[1] 李新[1] 田伟[1] 张艳林[1] 王维真[1] 胡晓利[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2014年第2期285-294,共10页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：西部行动计划三期项目"黑河流域生态-水文遥感产品生产算法研究与应用试验"(编号:KZCX2-XB3-15);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划重点项目"黑河流域生态-水文过程集成研究"(编号:91125001)资助

摘　　要：介绍了黑河流域中游人工水文循环过程及其中各系统之间的关系,目标是为黑河流域生态—水文过程模拟提供一套较准确的数据集。利用张掖市水利年报、莺落峡水文站资料以及张掖市水资源管理年报等调查数据分析了黑河分水前后,2000年和2010年黑河流域中游引水、输水和用水系统的变化过程,得出以下结论:①人工水文循环过程通过引水系统、输水系统、储水系统和用水系统来影响农业水资源在时空上的分配,它是人类活动影响下的中游水文循环过程的重要组成部分;②2010年比2000年引水口门减少了26处,渠道综合水利用率提高了3.6%;③与2000年相比,2010年地表水和地下水资源开发利用在空间上产生了很大变化,地表水引水量减少了1.05亿m3,地下水开采量增加了1.64亿m3。最后,从径流、地下水、大气水方面分析了人工水循环过程对自然水循环过程的影响。Artificial hydrological circulation process, including four sub-system contributing to water withdrawal, water transfer, water saving, and water use, respectively, is presented. The relationship among sub-systems is described. The objective of this paper is to provide sets of data related to artificial water circulation for the study of hydroecological processes in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. The changes of sub-systems between the year of 2000 and that of 2010 are analyzed by investigating hydraulic engineering, water resources condition, crop pattern, and agricultural water management. The results show： ①hat artificial water circulation process is playing a role to control agricultural water allocation in time and space, and is an important part of hydrological circulation process of the middle reaches; ② that, in 2010, the number of water withdrawal gates decreases by 26 and channel water use efficiency increases by 3.6% as much as that in 2000 ; and ③ that there is considerable changes in water resources development and utilization from 2000 to 2010, including surface water withdrawal reduction of 1.05 × 10^9 m3, and groundwater exploitation increase of 1.64 × 10^9 m3. Finally, effects of artificial water cycle on natural hydrological circulation are analyzed from runoff, groundwater, and atmosphere water perspective.

关 键 词：人工水文结构 黑河流域 水文模型 黑河分水 灌溉 

分 类 号：P343.1[天文地球—水文科学]