茯苓和茯苓皮水和乙醇提取物的利尿作用及其活性成分的分离鉴定  

Diuretic activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts fromPoria cocos and Cortex Poriae and active component identification

作　　者：田婷[1] 陈华[1] 殷璐[1] 陈丹倩 冯亚龙[1] 赵英永[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学生命科学学院西部资源生物与现代生物技术教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《中国药理学与毒理学杂志》2014年第1期57-62,共6页Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81001622);长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助(IRT1174);教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"项目(NCET-13-0954);国家创新训练计划项目(20130697004)~~

摘　　要：目的采用化学成分的提取分离与利尿活性评价相结合方法,寻找茯苓和茯苓皮利尿活性部位并确定活性部位的主要化学成分。方法口服给予生理盐水负荷正常大鼠不同剂量的茯苓和茯苓皮的水或乙醇提取物,记录6 h尿量,测定尿液的pH值及电解质Na+,K+和Cl-的含量,并采用色谱分离法对活性部位进行化学成分分离,用NMR法对分离的化学成分进行结构鉴定。结果与对照组相比,口服茯苓皮乙醇提取物150,300和600 mg·kg-1大鼠尿量分别增加29%,21%和42%(P<0.01),K+排泄量分别减少18%,22%和27%(P<0.01),各组Na+/K+比值均升高;600 mg·kg-1组大鼠尿液Na+排泄量显著增加14%(P<0.05);茯苓水提取物50,100和200 mg·kg-1,茯苓乙醇提取物62.5,125和250 mg·kg-1及茯苓皮水提取物75,150和300 mg·kg-1无利尿作用。化学成分提取与分离结果显示,茯苓皮乙醇提取物主要包含四环三萜类化合物茯苓酸、猪苓酸C、去氢土莫酸、3-表去氢土莫酸、去氢齿孔酸、齿孔酸和去氢齿孔酮酸等。结论茯苓皮乙醇提取物具有显著的利尿作用,其主要化学成分为四环三萜类化合物。OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the main chemical components in active fractions and diuretic activities of Poria cocos and Cortex Poriae in saline-loaded rats through chemical component extraction and separation. METHODS The extracts were orally administered to rats at different doses. Urinary volume,pH and electrolyte excretion were measured in the urine of saline-loaded rats in 6 h. The chemical components were isolated from the active fractions and their structures were identified using different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS The urine output of the ethanol extract of Cortex Poriae 150,300 and 600 mg·kg^- 1groups was increased by 29%,21% and 42% respectively（ P 0. 01）,which had a remarkable effect on K＋retention（ 18%,22% and 27% respectively,P 0. 01）,but induced notable excretion of Na＋. Each Na＋/K＋ratio was also enhanced by the ethanol extract of Cortex Poriae. The aqueous extracts of P. cocos（ 50,100 and 200 mg·kg^- 1） and Cortex Poriae（ 75,150 and300 mg·kg^- 1） as well as the ethanol extract of P. cocos（ 62.5,125 and 250 mg·kg^- 1） showed no diuretic activity. The separation experiment results showed that tetracyclic triterpenoid components,such as pachymic acid,polyporenic acid C,dehydroeburicoic acid,3-epidehydrotumulosic acid,dehydrotumulosic acid,eburicoic acid and dehydroeburiconic acid were the main components of the ethanol extract of Cortex Poriae. CONCLUSION The ethanol extract of Cortex Poriae displays remarkable diuretic activity and its main components are the tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds.

关 键 词：茯苓 茯苓皮 四环三萜 利尿 电解质 

分 类 号：R284[医药卫生—中药学]