太湖蓝藻的时空变化规律及治理方法  

The temporal and spatial distribution pattern of cyanobacteria and its control method in Taihu Lake

作　　者：周笑白[1,2] 张宁红[2] 张咏[2] 牛志春[2] 彭露露[2] 刘雷[2] 于红霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学环境学院,江苏南京210046 [2]江苏省环境监测中心,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2013年第12期1930-1935,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与污染治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07506-004);江苏省博士后基金(1202061C)

摘　　要：利用2009─2012年丰水期和平水期的生物调查获取的环境和生物数据,研究太湖蓝藻的时空分布规律,分析蓝藻分布与其他物理、化学和生物因子(如温度、酸碱性、有机物和营养盐含量、浮游植物与浮游动物密度等)的相关关系。结果表明:太湖水质基本上超出V类地表水指标,主要的超标因子是总氮。总氮在丰水期和平水期的质量浓度分别为3.05 mg·L-1和1.65 mg·L-1,总氮在丰水期质量浓度降低的主要原因可能是丰水期蓝藻迅速生长,吸收了大量的营养盐。蓝藻仍是太湖浮游植物的优势种。2009─2012年太湖蓝藻的密度随年份无明显变化,但随季节和区域存在显著差异:丰水期蓝藻密度均值为4.87×107cell·L-1,明显高于平水期蓝藻密度(1.51×106 cell·L-1);太湖东部采样点蓝藻密度明显低于其他湖区。影响蓝藻的非生物因素包括温度、酸碱度和营养盐,高温、偏碱性和高营养盐含量都会增加蓝藻的密度。蓝藻与其他浮游植物和大型水生植物之间存在竞争关系,蓝藻密度增加促进了枝角类的生长。推荐利用机械打捞和大型水生植物修复方法,因为这2种方法可在降低蓝藻密度的同时去除水体中的有机物和营养盐,可以从根本上降低太湖蓝藻水华的风险。增加其他藻类和枝角类控制蓝藻水华方法可行性较差:1)蓝藻暴发时期其它藻类对能量和营养的竞争能力弱于蓝藻,难以抑制蓝藻的生长;2)在太湖中增加枝角类可能降低现有蓝藻的密度,但建立完整的食物链体系降低富营养化程度,防范生物调控中可能存在的生态风险(如其他藻类水华等)较困难。The environmental and biological data observed during the wet seasons and normal seasons in 2009-1012 have been used for the research of the temporal and spatial distribution of cyanobacteria, as well as the analysis of the relationship between the cyanobacteria distribution and the physical, chemical and biological parameters, such as water temperature, pH value, the concentration of organic pollutants and nutrients, and the density of the phytoplankton and zooplankton. Results showed that the water quality of Taihu Lake exceeded the V class of National Standard for Groundwater Environmental Quality, and the main element exceeding the standard was nitrogen. The concentrations of the total nitrogen in Taihu Lake in wet season and normal season were 3.05 mg＆#183;L-1 and 1.65 mg＆#183;L-1, and the main reason of the lower nitrogen concentration in wet season was probably that cyanobacteria grew fast and absorbed a great quantity of nutrients in this period of time. The cyanobacteria were still the dominated species of the phytoplankton in the sampling sites. There was no significant annual change of the density of cyanobacteria during the year of 2009─2012, while the density of cyanobacteria in different seasons and different sites were varied：the average density of cyanobacteria in the wet seasons （4.87＆#215;107 cell＆#183;L-1） was significantly higher than in the normal seasons （1.51＆#215;106 cell＆#183;L-1）, and the density of cyanobacteria in the sampling sites of the Eastern Taihu Lake was significantly lower than the other parts. Abiotic factors including temperature, pH value and the concentration of nutrients could influence the density of cyanobacteria. Higher temperature, pH value and higher concentration of nutrients could increase the density of cyanobacteria. Competition between the growth of cyanobacteria and other primary producers （phytoplanktons and macrophytes） had been observed, and the increase of cyanobacteria density stimulated the growth of the cladocera. The mechanic

关 键 词：蓝藻 营养盐控制 生物调控 机械打捞 植物修复 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学] X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]