我国废旧放射源回收再利用初探  

An Exploratory Study on Recycling of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources in China

作　　者：董微 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部华北核与辐射安全监督站,北京100029

出　　处：《核安全》2013年第A01期138-143,共6页Nuclear Safety

摘　　要：放射性废物的减量化和废旧放射源再利用是环境保护的重要方面,我国监管部门在促进废旧放射源收贮,规范放射性废物库管理的同时,积极鼓励废旧放射源的回收再利用,以减少放射源最终处置的环境负担。但是,近期几例污染事件说明再利用过程中还存在很多问题,再利用过程的规范监管亟待解决。在对国内主要生产厂家进行调研的工作基础上,对国内已进行的对137Cs源、镅(钚)铍中子源、60Co源以及其他放射源的再利用实践进行了总结,提出将半衰期、经济因素、社会因素和能力保证作为判断再利用价值的4个主要因素,随后对现有的管理体系中的不足之处进行了分析,并提出了相关建议。Radioactive waste minimization and recycling of disused radioactive sources play an important role in the environmental protection. The regulatory authority in China actively encourages the recycling of disused radioactive sources with the aim of reducing the burdens to the environment, while promoting the returning and storage of disused sources and strengthening the management of radioactive waste repositories. However, recent cases of leaking of reused radioactive sources demonstrate that there are quite some problems in the recycling process and the regulatory system is not well-established. Based on the survey of radioactive sources producers, cases of ^137Cs sources, Am-Be, Pu-Be neutron sources and ^60Co sources recycling are summarized in this paper. The length ofhalf- life, economic values, social requirements and producer＇ s capability are proposed as four essential factors which affect the possibilities of recycling. At last, this paper also analyzes the disadvantages of current regulatory system and gives suggestions.

关 键 词：废旧放射源 再利用 ^137Cs源 镅(钚)铍中子源 ^60CO源 

分 类 号：O571.3[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]