花后高温干旱对春小麦种子活力的影响  

The Effect of High Temperature and Drought after Flowering on the Seed Viability of the Spring Wheat

作　　者：李昱[1] 吴宏亮[1] 康建宏[1] 赵晶晶[1] 姚珊[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《种子》2014年第2期12-19,共8页Seed

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:31160255)

摘　　要：春小麦是宁夏种植的主要农作物之一,生育后期频繁遭遇高温干旱,影响种子活力,限制了产量和品质的提高.以宁夏主栽春小麦品种宁春4号为材料,研究花后高温干旱对春小麦种子活力的影响.结果表明,花后高温干旱显著降低了春小麦的幼苗长势和种子活力,其中对春小麦种子的发芽势、发芽率及种子活力的影响最明显.在轻度干旱状态下,高温较对照的发芽率降低2.41％～ 12.6％,温度在T2状态下,种子活力指数较对照降低了约28.85％.同时影响了根冠比和种子活力,高温比对照的鲜重根冠比降低7.14％ ～ 10.71％.相关分析表明,种子活力与发芽势、发芽率、幼苗干鲜重和胚根干鲜重呈显著的正相关关系.因此,在一定范围内,花后高温干旱程度越大,对种子活力影响越大,生产上可以采取相应措施缓减高温干旱的为害,提高小麦产量.Spring wheat is one of the major crops planted in Ningxia. And it often encountered the harm of high temperature and drought in the late growth stage, the seed vigor was affected and the increase of yield and quality was limited. Taking the Ningxia spring wheat leading variety NingChun No. 4 as material, the effect of high temperature and drought after flowering On the seed viability of the spring wheat was stuied. The results show that the seedling growth and seed vigor of spring wheat significantly reduced when high temperature and drought after flowering, spring wheat seed germination potential, germination rate and seed vigor were the most obvious. Under mild drought condition, high temperature germination rate reduced by 2.41% -12.6% than control,the temperature in the condition of T 2, seed vigor index was reduced by about 28.85% than control, the root-shoot ratio and seed vigor were affected at the same time, the high temperature compared with the fresh weight of root cap ratio reduced 7.14% - 10.71%. Correlation analysis showed that the seed vigor and germi- nation potential, germination rate, seedling fresh weight and radicle dry fresh weight were significantly positive correlation. Within a certain scope, therefore, the effect of seed vigor was more obvious with the increasing of the degree of high temperature and drought. Corresponding measures should be taken to reduce the harm of high temperature and drought after Flowering.

关 键 词：春小麦 高温 干旱 种子活力 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]