加工贸易、资本密集度与工薪差距--基于中国加工贸易活动的研究  

Processing Trade,Capital Intensity and Wage Inequality:A Study based on China's Processing Trade

作　　者：王怀民[1] 焦军普[2,3] 李凯杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学国际经济与贸易学院 [2]河南财经政法大学 [3]<经济经纬>编辑部

出　　处：《世界经济研究》2014年第3期40-46,88,共7页World Economy Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“加工贸易、劳动力流动与城乡差距对收入差距影响的机制研究”(项目编号:12BJL025);河南财经政法大学经费的资助

摘　　要：HO模型中的SS定理适用于一般贸易背景下的产业间贸易;FH模型中的SS定理可以解释发达国家外部采购中中间产品贸易对工薪差距的影响,但却不能解释中国等发展中国家的加工贸易活动对工薪差距的影响。本文的研究表明:对发展中国家来说,加工装配活动可能会拉大,也可能会缩小工薪差距;加工装配出口产品的资本密集度上升将会缩小工薪差距。对中国的实证研究结果显示,加工装配活动同时提高了高技术工人和低技术工人的收入水平,但拉大了工薪差距;加工出口产品资本密集度上升缩小了工薪差距;技术进步对加工装配行业工薪差距无实质影响;行业规模扩张缩小了工薪差距。所以,为提高收入水平,中国应继续发挥比较优势参与加工贸易活动,与此同时,中国还应不断提升加工出口产品的资本和技术密集程度,以缩小工薪差距。The SS theorem based on HO model applies to inter-industry trade in the context of general trade.Although the SS theorem based on FH model can deal with the effects of developed countries' outsourcing activities on wage inequality,it can't explain the effects of developing countries' processing trade on wage inequality.The paper presents the SS theorem based on China's processing trade,filling this theoretical blank.For the developing countries,processing and assembly activities can widen or narrow the wage inequality.Moreover,increase in the capital intensity of processing and assembly export products will narrow wage inequality.Empirical analysis using 29 industries panel data shows that processing and assembly activities increase the wage of high-skill workers and low-skill workers,but widen the wage gap between high-skill and low-skill workers.Increase in the capital intensity of processing and assembly export products compensates the low-skill workers,and reduce wage inequality.Technological change has no influence on industrial wage inequality,and the expansion of industrial scale narrows the wage inequality.Therefore,in order to improve income level,China should keep using the comparative advantage,joining in the processing trade.Meanwhile,it also needs to improve the capital and technological intensity of export products to reduce wage inequality.

关 键 词：加工贸易 资本密集度 工薪差距 

分 类 号：F752.68[经济管理—国际贸易] F249.24[经济管理—产业经济] F224