焦作市2012年免疫规划疫苗接种率调查  

Survey of vaccination coverage rates in Jiaozuo in 2012

作　　者：原跃礼[1] 郭连霞[1] 丹志琴 

机构地区：[1]河南省焦作市疾病预防控制中心,河南焦作454003 [2]焦作市解放区疾病预防控制中心,河南焦作454003

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第6期1051-1053,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解焦作市国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)疫苗接种情况和预防接种信息系统使用情况,分析影响接种率主要因素。方法县级在辖区每个乡(镇、办事处)(以下简称乡)随机抽取1个行政村(社区)(以下简称村),市级在每个县(市、区)(以下简称县)随机抽取1个乡中的1个村,在抽取每个村入户调查1岁组和2岁组儿童各10名,对调查儿童的建证率、疫苗接种率、信息系统使用情况和未接种原因进行统计分析。结果共调查适龄儿童2 511人,建证率100%,除甲肝疫苗(HepA)接种率为89.2%外,其他NIP疫苗基础免疫各剂接种率均在95%以上,乙肝疫苗(HepB)、脊髓灰质炎疫苗(PV)、百白破疫苗(DPT)和含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)全程接种率均在90%以上;MCV、DPT、乙脑疫苗(JE)加强免疫接种率分别为93.7%、91.3%、89.5%;HepB首针及时接种率为95.4%,MCV第1针及时接种率为77.1%;信息系统录入率为99.8%,接种记录一致率为96.3%。未接种原因中,接种记录不符、孩子患病、疫苗剂次间隔<28 d、监护人忘记接种、接种单位未预约或通知分别占28.9%、27.6%、19.5%、12.4%、10.4%。结论焦作市NIP疫苗总体接种率维持在较高水平,实现了儿童接种信息个案信息化管理,应进一步加强NIP规范化管理和预防接种信息化管理。Objective The study was aimed to understand the vaccination-reporting rate correlated to the National Immunization Program （NIP） and the use of vaccination information system in Jiaozuo city, and analyze the main factors that affect vaccination rates. Methods One village per district was randomly selected at the county level; one administrative village （community） from a township was randomly selected from each of the counties at the municipal level. According to a household survey, ten local children from each group of 1-year-old and 2-years-old were enrolled randomly from each village. Analysis was performed on the vaccina- tion certificate coverage and the vaccination rate of children under survey, the utilization of information systems and the reasons for missing vaccination. Results A total of 2 511 subjects were enrolled in the analysis, and all local children surveyed had their vacci- nation certificates. The coverage of primary doses was above 95%, except that the coverage for Hepatitis A vaccine was 89.2%. The qualified coverage rates for HepB, PV, DPT, and measles-containing vaccine were above 90%. The coverage of booster doses for MCV, DPT, and JE were 93.7%, 91.3%, and 89.5%, respectively. The timely coverage of first dose for HepB and measles-contain- ing vaccine was 95.4% and 77.1%, respectively. The utilization rate of vaccination information system for children was 99.8%. The concordance rate of vaccination records was 96.3%. The main reasons for children missing scheduled vaccination were inconsistent vaccination records （28.9%）, illness （27.6%）, vaccine doses interval shorter than 28 days （t9.5%）, negligence from the guardian （12.4%） and lack of appointment （10.4%）. Conclusion The coverage rate of the NIP among local children in Jiaozuo was at a high level. The management system for children inoculation information cases was established. The regulation of standardized manage- ment of NIP and vaccination information management still need to be further strengthened.

关 键 词：免疫规划 接种率 调查 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]