不同覆盖措施下夏玉米土壤水分动态及产量效应  

Effects of Mulching on Soil Water Dynamics and Yield of Summer Maize

作　　者：强小嫚[1] 孙景生[1] 樊向阳[1] 张笑培[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2014年第1期42-45,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金："十二五"公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203077);"十二五"国家863计划课题(2011AA100502)

摘　　要：通过大田试验,对比分析了河南商丘地区免耕条件下秸秆覆盖、"留茬+秸秆覆盖"及灭茬不覆盖措施对夏玉米田间土壤水分动态及产量的影响。结果表明,夏玉米生育前期,秸秆覆盖、"留茬+秸秆覆盖"能有效降低土壤温度及减少土壤棵间蒸发量。"留茬+秸秆覆盖"具有明显的集雨保水效果,对深层土壤含水率的影响更为明显。全生育期内,"留茬+秸秆覆盖"处理下耗水量最小,仅为305.9mm,产量、水分利用效率分别较CK提高7.7%、16.9%;秸秆覆盖处理下耗水量为320.6mm,产量、水分利用效率分别较CK提高5%、8.7%。河南商丘地区种植夏玉米以"留茬+秸秆覆盖"措施为宜。The field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of mulching treatments of straw mulching, straw mulching with stubble （stubble-mulching）, and no mulching ＆ no stubble on soil moisture dynamics and yield of summer maize. The results showed that both straw mulching and stubble-mulching reduced soil temperature and soil evaporation during the early period of summer maize. Stubble-mulching had an effective water conservation effect, and it influenced deep soil moisture significantly. Total water consumption of 305.9 mm was the lowest with the application of stubble-mulching, and its yield and water use efficiency increased by 7.7% and 16.9% respectively compared to the control. Water consump- tion was 320.6 mm with straw mulching, and its yield and water use efficiency of summer maize increased by 5% and 8.7% respectively compared to the control. Stubble-mulching was recommded to plant summer maize in Shangqiu of Henan province.

关 键 词：夏玉米 覆盖措施 水分动态 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S152.7