沿海港口集装箱空箱调运策略优化模型  

Optimal Model for Allocation and Transportation Strategies of Empty Containers between Coastal Ports

作　　者：计明军[1] 王清斌[1] 张新宇[2] 张海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学交通运输管理学院,辽宁大连116026 [2]大连海事大学航海学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《运筹与管理》2014年第1期80-89,共10页Operations Research and Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71072081)

摘　　要：我国沿海港口进出口箱分布非常不均衡,由此产生了集装箱空箱调运现象,合理的空箱调运策略能够有效地降低航运成本。本文研究了沿海港口间的空箱调运问题。在传统确定目的港策略的基础上,提出了一种新的空箱调运策略,不确定目的港策略。针对两种不同调运策略分别建立了以总调运费用最小为目标的规划模型。并以中国沿海港口空箱调运为例,运用遗传算法,在不同的空箱供需情况下,对两种调运策略费用进行了优化求解。结果表明,供需平衡模式下,固定目的港策略略有优势;在供需不平衡模式中,不确定目的港策略优势更加明显。此研究能够为港口间空箱调运提供辅助决策。The distribution of imports and exports is a significant imbalance between Chinese coastal ports, which leads to the allocation and transportation of empty container. Reasonable distribution strategy effectively decrea- ses the cost of allocation and transportation. In this paper, we introduce the allocation and transportation prob- lems of empty containers and present a pexible destination strategy against the conventional determined destina- tion strategy. Furthermore, two models of allocation and transportation problem, which can minimize the total transportation cost, are established. Then the paper analyze and solves the practical examples between Chinese coastal ports by using the genetic algorithm. The comparison between two different strategies shows, when the trades are fairly balanced, determined destination strategy slightly outperforms the pexible destination strategy. But when the trades are imbalanced, the flexible destination strategy obviously outperforms determined destina- tion strategy. The result provides advice for the decision-making of empty container distribution.

关 键 词：交通运输 集装箱 空箱调运 遗传算法 

分 类 号：U692.3[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]