少数民族原始宗教与身体运动文化形成的文化生态学分析——东巴跳与达巴跳的田野调查报告  

Cultural Ecology Analysis of Minority Primitive Religion and Formation of Body Movement Culture——Field Investigation Report on Dongba Dance and Daba Dance

作　　者：万义[1,2] 王健[2] 龙佩林[1] 白晋湘[1] 杨海晨[2] 王涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学体育科学学院,湖南吉首416000 [2]华中师范大学体育学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《体育科学》2014年第3期54-61,F0003,共9页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(10CTY005);国家体育总局民族体育重点研究基地项目(12jdz6037)

摘　　要：运用文化生态学理论与田野调查方法,比较东巴跳与达巴跳的文化生态结构,并对少数民族原始宗教与身体运动文化形成的内在逻辑进行探讨。研究结果表明,人类在原始宗教观念支配下,以身体肢体动作与神灵沟通,藉此畏神敬神、祛灾祈福,是身体运动文化形成的最初动力;祭祀神灵仪式中幻化鬼神的祭神舞,图腾崇拜仪式中模仿动物的象形舞,驱鬼辟邪仪式中镇鬼消灾的法器舞,涵化了身体运动文化的内容习得;原始宗教强大而稳定的宗教场域,促进了身体运动文化的传承发展;传统社会结构里,原始宗教中的身体运动表达,具有慰藉群体身心,调整人际关系,调节社会张力,维持社会秩序,维护阶层利益,稳定社会结构等功能。This paper comparatively analyzes cultural and ecological structure of Dongba dance and Daba dance and probes the internal logic between minority primitive religion and formation of body movement culture by using cultural ecology theory and fieldwork. The result shows that, under the domination of primitive religious ideas, people communicate with gods by body gestures to worship gods and dispel the disaster and pray blessing. This is the initial impetus for the formation of body movement culture. Ritual dance to fantasize ghosts and gods in the worship gods ceremony, pictograms dance to imitate animals in the totem worship ceremony and talisman dance to quell ghosts and eliminate disasters in the ceremony of getting rid of ghosts and avoiding evil cover the content acquisition of body movement culture. Strong and stable religious field of primitive religion promote the inheritance and development of body movement culture. In the traditional social structure, body movement expression in the primi- tive religion has the following functions as comforting bodies and minds of groups, adjusting in- terpersonal, regulating social tension, keeping social order, safeguarding classes＇ interests and stabilizing social structure.

关 键 词：纳西族 摩梭人 东巴跳 达巴跳 文化生态 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]