狭叶柴胡营养器官中柴胡皂苷和黄酮类化合物的积累部位及含量比较  

Accumulation Locations and Contents Comparison of Total Saponins and Flavonoids in Vegetative Organs of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.

作　　者：谭玲玲[1] 侯晓敏[1] 胡正海[2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学生命科学学院/山东省高校植物生物技术重点实验室,山东青岛266109 [2]西北大学生命科学学院,西安710069

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2014年第2期276-281,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J11LC06);山东省自然科学基金青年基金项目(ZR2013CQ027);青岛农业大学高层次人才启动基金(630909)

摘　　要：采用植物解剖学、组织化学定位和紫外分光光度计分析方法,对狭叶柴胡各营养器官(根、茎、叶)的结构特征、营养器官中柴胡皂苷和黄酮类化合物的积累部位及其含量进行比较研究。结果表明:(1)狭叶柴胡根由周皮、中柱鞘薄壁组织和次生维管组织组成,茎由表皮、皮层和维管柱组成,叶为等面叶结构,其营养器官的结构均表现出对旱生环境的适应性。(2)组织化学定位显示,柴胡皂苷在狭叶柴胡根中主要分布在维管形成层和次生韧皮部及次生木质部靠近维管形成层的木薄壁细胞中,在茎中主要分布在表皮、皮层、维管形成层及韧皮薄壁细胞中,在叶中主要分布于表皮和叶肉中;狭叶柴胡的黄酮类化合物在茎中主要分布于表皮、棱角处的厚角组织及部分皮层细胞中,在叶中主要分布于表皮和位于叶缘及下表皮内的厚角组织中,在根内分布很少。(3)定量分析表明,柴胡总皂苷在狭叶柴胡根、茎、叶中的含量分别为2.635%、1.045%和0.981%;而黄酮类化合物在根、茎、叶中的含量分别为0.032%、1.212%和2.259%;定量分析结果与组织化学实验结果相符。研究表明,柴胡总皂苷在狭叶柴胡的根中含量最高,支持《中国药典》以根入药的结论;而且狭叶柴胡叶中的黄酮类化合物含量较高,建议对狭叶柴胡的叶进行综合开发利用。Using the paraffin sectioning, histochemistry and visible-spectrophotometry, we investigated the structures o{ vegetative organs（root, stem and leaf）,and compared the accumulation localizations and con- tents of saponins and flavonoids in Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. The results showed that： （1）The root consisted of periderm,pericyclic parenchyma tissue and secondary vascular tissue. The stem was com- posed of epidermis, cortex and vascular bundles. The leaf was isobilateral one. The vegetative organs all possessed characteristics adapting to arid environment. （2）Histochemical localization results showed that saponins distributed in vascular cambium,secondary phloem and partial pericyelic parenchyma cells in secondary xylem of the root In the stem, they distributed mainly in epidermis, cortex,vascular cambium and secondary phloem~ In the leaf, they distributed in the epiderm, spongy and palisade. In the stem, flavonoids were located in epidermis, eollenchyma lie in angularity and partial cortex cells;In the leaf,they were loca- ted mainly in the epidermis and the collenchyma lied in the leaf margin and the lower epidermis. And there were small amounts in the root. （3）The results of phytochemical tests showed that the contents of saponins in the root,stem and leaf were 2. 635%, 1. 045% and 0. 981% ,respectively. However,the contents of fla- vonoids in the root,stem and leaf were 0. 032% ,1. 212% and 2. 259% ,respectively. The phytoehemical re- sult was consistent with that of histochemistry. Research showed that, the accumulation of saponin in the root occupied first place and it had scientific gist that the main medical part was the dry root of B. scor- zonerifolium Willd. in ＂Chinese Pharmacopoeia＂. Meanwhile,the content of flavonoids in the leaf was considerably high, thus to exploit the flavonoids in B. scorzonerifolium Will＆ ,its leaves should be mainly collected.

关 键 词：狭叶柴胡 营养器官结构 柴胡总皂苷 黄酮类化合物 组织化学 

分 类 号：Q944.62[生物学—植物学] Q946.8