植物叶片形成露水的室内模拟  

Indoor simulation on dew formation on plant leaves

作　　者：高志永[1] 汪有科[1,2] 魏新光[1] 刘守阳[1] 何自立[1] 周玉红[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第3期725-730,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B04;2013BAD20B03);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2013KTZB02-03-02)资助

摘　　要：叶片在空气中形成露水是干旱、半干旱地区植物水分来源之一,具有重要的生态意义.本文借助人工智能气候室和叶片温度自控系统,对影响露水形成的环境温湿度、叶片温度和叶片倾角进行调节,研究了叶倾角、环境温湿度、露点-叶温差对叶片露水累积速率和叶片露水量的影响.结果表明:叶片露水累积速率和叶片最大露水量均随叶倾角的增加而减小,但随着环境温度、湿度和露点-叶温差的增加而增大.叶片处于水平状态时,叶片露水在达到最大露水量前呈线性快速递增,露水达到最大露水量(0.80 mm)后处于稳定值;当叶片有倾角时,叶片露水达到一定值就会发生叶片露水滑落现象,使得叶片露水量呈现锯齿形变化,且露水累积速率明显变慢.Dew forming on plant leaves through water condensation plays a significant ecological role in arid and semi-arid areas as an ignorable fraction of water resources. In this study, an artificial intelligent climate chamber and an automatic temperature-control system for leaves were implemented to regulate the ambient temperature, the leaf surface temperature and the leaf inclination for dew formation. The impact of leaf inclination, ambient temperature and dew point-leaf temperature depression on the rate and quantity of dew accumulation on leaf surface were analyzed. The results indicated that the accumulation rate and the maximum volume of dew on leaves decreased with increasing the leaf inclination while increased with the increment of dew point-leaf temperature depression, ambient temperature and relative humidity. Under the horizontal configuration, dew accumulated linearly on leaf surface over time until the maximum volume （0.80 mm） was reached. However, dew would fall down after reaching the maximum volume when the leaf inclination existed （45° or 90°） , significantly slowing down the accumulative rate, and the zigzag pattern for the dynamic of dew accumulation appeared.

关 键 词：叶片露水累积速率 叶片露水量 叶倾角 温度 湿度 露点-叶温差 

分 类 号：P426.321[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]