胜利油田采油区土壤石油污染状况及其微生物群落结构  

Petroleum pollution and the microbial community structure in the soil of Shengli Oilfield

作　　者：刘健[1,2] 宋雪英[3] 孙瑞莲[1,2] 解伏菊[4] 王仁卿[1,2] 王文兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学环境研究院,济南250100 [2]山东大学生态学与生物多样性研究所,济南250100 [3]沈阳大学区域污染环境生态修复教育部重点实验室,沈阳110044 [4]济南大学资源与环境学院,济南250022

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第3期850-856,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41101289);山东省优秀中青年科学家奖励基金项目(BS2010SF016;BS2009HZ017);山东大学自主创新基金自由探索资金项目(2012TS039)资助

摘　　要：基于不同开采年代新油井(2011—)和老油井(1966—2003年)周边土壤的调查取样,研究了采油区土壤石油污染状况,利用PCR-DGGE和克隆测序技术,探讨了新、老油井周边土壤微生物的群落结构.结果表明:油井周边土壤均受到不同程度的石油污染,其石油烃含量大多高于土壤石油污染临界值(500 mg·kg-1),且老油井周边土壤污染水平更高.污染土壤石油烃含量与土壤有机碳、全氮和速效钾含量呈显著正相关.老油井周边土壤微生物群落多样性指数随污染水平的增大而减小,新油井则呈相反的趋势.DGGE图谱优势条带测序结果表明,油井周边土壤均存在明显的优势菌,大多为石油烃相关菌和烃类降解菌,如微杆菌属、链霉菌属、迪茨氏菌属、黄杆菌属及α、γ变形菌等.Soils around a new oil well （2011-） and an old oil well （1966-2003） were sampled to investigate the characteristics of petroleum pollution in the oilfield. The structure of soil microbial community was analyzed by PCR-DGGE and clone sequencing techniques. Results showed that the soils around the two oil wells were generally contaminated with petroleum, and the concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons mostly exceeded the threshold of the environmental quality standards of soil （500 mg~ kg-1 ）. The total petroleum hydrocarbons concentration of the polluted soil was sig- nificantly positively correlated with the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen and available po- tassium, respectively. The microbial diversity index in the soil around the old oil well decreased with the increasing total petroleum hydrocarbons concentration, however, it was reversed for the soil around the new oil well. Sequence analysis of the prominent bands in DGGE profiles showed that some dominant species existed in the petroleum-contaminated soils around the oil wells and mostly were oil-associated and hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, including Microbacterium, Streptomyces, Dietzia, Flavobacterium, α-Proteobacteria, and γ-Proteobacteria.

关 键 词：PCR—DGGE 石油污染 土壤微生物群落结构 优势菌属 胜利油田 

分 类 号：X741[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172