白轲论中国的党国宪政体制  

Chinese-Style Constitutionalism:On Backer's Chinese Party-State Constitutionalism

作　　者：强世功[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2014年第2期30-36,5-6,共7页Open Times

摘　　要：目前世界上的宪政体制,大体分为三种模式:其一是超国家宪政模式,其二是神权宪政模式,其三是党国宪政模式。本文集中介绍了白轲对中国党国宪政体制的研究。党国宪政体制来源于马克思列宁主义和苏联的实践,新中国成立后所确立的宪政模式也在这种传统之下。但是,这种党国宪政体制在1982年以来进行了一场根本性的改革,开始迈向"一党宪政体制",是在党和国家分权的基础上,增加了法治的要素,确立了宪法的最高地位,从而在党的领导与依法治国之间形成了一种动态的平衡。一方面党作为社会价值规范的提供者为宪法和法治提供了规范价值基础,另一方面宪法和法治约束了党的行为方式,使其服从于宪法和法律。Currently,besides traditional national constitutionalism,there are three general approaches to constitutionalism in the world:transnational constitutionalism,theocratic constitutionalism,and party-state constitutionalism. The focus of this article is on Larry Backer's research concerning China's party-state system. Party-state constitutionalism is rooted in Marxism-Leninism,and was initially put into practice by the former Soviet Union. The People's Republic of China in its early years largely followed in the USSR's footsteps and developed its constitutional system under the traditional Soviet framework. However,since 1982,the Chinese party-state constitutional system has undergone several major reforms,and China has been gradually transforming into a 'single-party constitutional state.'Grounded in the separation of powers between the party and the state,this new constitutional model serves to further the rule of law,reaffirm the paramount authority of the constitution, and dynamically balance the Chinese Communist Party's(CCP's)leadership position with the rule of law. The CCP,being an articulator of social norms and values,provides the substantive norms and values that form the basis of the rule-of-law constitution. The constitution,in turn,serves to limit the behavior of the party,so that the CCP will be subject to the constraints of the constitution and the rule of law.

关 键 词：党国体制 一党宪政国 分权 实质法治 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]