明代嘉湖地区的桑基生态与小农性格的发展  

The Mulberry-band Agriculture Ecology and Peasant Character Development in Jiahu area in Ming Dynasty

作　　者：王建革[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2014年第1期3-17,共15页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家重大社会科学基金项目'宋代以来长江三角洲环境变迁史研究'(批准号:09&ZD068);复旦大学丁诺尔中心项目<气候;水土环境与江南生态史(9-20世纪)>阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：明代嘉湖地区的小农生态关系基于桑基农业而形成,小农家庭对田野、自然灾害、动植物以及家庭内部的环境都可以达到一定的控制能力,桑基农业系统可以不断实行集约化提高产量。在国家重赋和人口增长的推动下,人们更多地以桑基生态农业的形态来适应压力的增加。官方重赋影响着土地利用程度,也影响着小农家庭的心理承受能力和管理水平。市场力量左右着桑叶与养蚕的平衡以及桑树品种与养鱼方式的选择,这些都需要男人对市场有高度的敏感性。蚕桑业与丝织业环境的调节基本上通过家内的女性完成,她们不单对田野桑树的生境敏感,对养蚕和丝织业的温度控制和用水选择,以及以住宅为中心的环境也有敏感,高度的生产敏感性逐步成为江南小农的性格。The ecological relationships between environment and small peasants in Jiahu in Ming dynasty was based on mulberry-band agriculture.Peasant could reach a certain ability of artificial control to environments of field,natural disaster,animals and plants and family household.Mulberry-band agricultural system can be continuously implement intensive fanning in order to improve production.By the country's heavy tax and the pressure of population growth,people more and more adapt that method to fit the increasing pressure.The official heavy tax affected the land using level,and also affected the peasant psychology and management level,market forces affect the mulberry leaf and sericulture balance,affect the mulberry varieties and fishing way,man need a particularly sensitive to market for survive.The environment regulations to mulberry planting,silkworm breeding and silk woven industry were basically completed by domestic women,they not only were sensitive to the mulberry habitat,also sensitive to the home environment such as temperature control and water choice around silkworm breeding and silk woven industry.High production sensitivity gradually become the character of Jiangnan peasant.

关 键 词：桑基农业 女性 市场 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济] K248[历史地理—历史学]